Discovery of the large-scale Eocene Xiwu Pb–Zn–Ag deposit in the Tethyan Himalaya: Geochronology, geochemistry, and C–H–O–S–Pb–Sr–Nd isotopes

Cao, Hong; Pei, Qiuming; Xiao, Yu; Santosh, M.; Li, Guangming; Zhang, Linkui; Zou, Hao; Dong, Li; Gao, Ke; Dai, Zuowen; Ai, Jacknowitz; Lan, Shuangshuang; Fan, Xuetong; Cao, Ai-Bin

doi:10.1016/j.gr.2023.07.001

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…For example, along with the closure of the Cenozoic Neo‐Tethyan Ocean and collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, many ore deposits were formed by the subduction of oceanic and continental crust under the Lhasa Plate in the north (Cao et al, 2019; Kong et al, 2023; Tang et al, 2021) and some rare metal deposits related to leucogranite were formed in the Himalayas in the south (Cao, Pei, Yu, Cao, et al, 2023; Zhang et al, 2023). Compared with the circum‐Pacific metallogenic domain and the Palaeo‐Asian Ocean metallogenic domain, the Tethyan metallogenic domain developed not only in the subduction stage but also in the main collisional and post‐collisional stages (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023), showing the dominance of porphyry mineralization (Xu et al, 2022). Wang et al (2020) focused on the porphyry mineralization process of the Tethyan metallogenic domain and divided it into three stages: oceanic subduction, continental subduction and post‐collisional reworking stages.…”

Section: Advances In Metallogeny and Tectonics Of The Eastern Tethyan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in metallogeny and tectonics of the Eastern Tethyan Realm: Introduction

et al. 2023

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The Tethys domain preserves one of the largest continent‐continent collisional orogenic belts on Earth. This belt can be divided into the Proterozoic to Palaeozoic Proto‐Tethyan orogenic belt, Late Palaeozoic to Triassic Palaeo‐Tethyan orogenic belt and Triassic to Cenozoic Meso‐ and Neo‐Tethyan orogenic belts. The Tethyan metallogenic domain, representing one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world, extends more than 10,000 km from east to west and has developed world‐class ore belts, such as the South‐east Asia tin ore belt, Sanjiang metallogenic belt in South‐west China, Gangdese–Pakistan–Iran porphyry copper belt and South‐east Europe epithermal gold belt. The geology of the Tethys domain has been studied for more than 100 years and many important advances have been made recently, although scientific issues remain controversial. This thematic section of Geological Journal contains 10 articles focusing on the formation of rocks and ore deposits, including petrology and geochemistry of magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and the formation mechanism of mineral deposits in the Eastern Tethyan Realm. These articles reflect new progress in related studies and provide important reference for future studies.

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Section: Advances In Metallogeny and Tectonics Of The Eastern Tethyan...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in metallogeny and tectonics of the Eastern Tethyan Realm: Introduction

et al. 2023

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“…These leucogranites can be divided into two zones that are mainly distributed on the top of the GHC (south zone) and in the NHGD (north zone). Strong compression and shearing during the Eocene created metamorphism‐related orogenic gold deposits, while Oligocene–Miocene magmatism formed a series of granite‐related hydrothermal ore deposits of tungsten, tin, lithium, beryllium, lead, zinc, silver, antimony and gold (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023; Deng et al, 2022).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tectono‐geological and ore deposit distribution map of the eastern Himalayas. Modified from (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023)…”

Section: Ore Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important orogenic gold deposits include Mayum (59.3 Ma, Jiang et al, 2009), Nianzha (43.6 Ma, Zhang, Deng, et al, 2017), Bangbu (43.6 Ma, Sun et al, 2016), Guqiong (42.8 Ma, Liu et al, 2019) and Zhemulang (Zhai et al, 2014) deposits. The only Eocene lead–zinc deposit is the Xiwu deposit, which has a metallogenic age of 37.4 Ma (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023). Its metallogenic process is closely related to metamorphic processes during the late collisional stage and the migration of deep metamorphic fluids driven by thrust faults (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023).…”

Section: Ore Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only Eocene lead–zinc deposit is the Xiwu deposit, which has a metallogenic age of 37.4 Ma (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023). Its metallogenic process is closely related to metamorphic processes during the late collisional stage and the migration of deep metamorphic fluids driven by thrust faults (Cao, Pei, Yu, Santosh, et al, 2023).…”

Section: Ore Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A timeline of the Cenozoic tectonic–magmatic–metamorphic evolution and development of ore resources in the Himalayas

Zhang,

Qin,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Geological Journal

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A large concentration of ore deposits (i.e., tungsten, tin, lithium, beryllium, lead, zinc, silver, antimony and gold) related to metamorphism and hydrothermal activity of granite developed in the Himalayas and are located in the southern part of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. As one of the newest and largest examples in the world of continental–continental collisional orogenic belts, the Himalayas are optimal for studying the coupling of continental collisions with metamorphic, tectonic, magmatic events and ore resources. Although considerable research has been conducted in the Himalayas, the timing of various geological processes remains debated, which limits the understanding of the genesis of ore deposits. To better understand the influence of orogeny on the metallogenic process, this study comprehensively presents the time of activity of the above‐mentioned four Cenozoic geological processes in the Himalayas. This contribution focuses on the context of the timeline to determine the internal connections and discusses the interrelationships of the geological processes. This study argues that Cenozoic lower crust–mantle interactions deep within the Indian continental plate below the Himalayas controlled the tectonics, metamorphism, magmatism and mineralization in the middle–upper crust. Cenozoic magmatic rocks in the upper crust are the direct results of the main‐collisional and post‐collisional stages of the Indian and Eurasian continental blocks. Intense collisional shearing and metamorphism during the Eocene formed the Himalayan fault–fold Belt and orogenic gold deposits. The break‐off, detachment and slab tearing of the Indian lithosphere during the Miocene led to the extensional structure of the middle–upper crust. There is a close coupling relationship between the exhumation of the middle–lower crust and the formation of large‐scale leucogranites during the Miocene in the upper crust, which provides the geological context for the main metallogenic period during which tungsten, tin, lithium, beryllium, lead, zinc, silver, antimony and gold ore widely developed. With technological advancements, the analytical accuracy of geological ages has gradually improved. In the future, research on the temporal constraints of important geological activities should be strengthened, and then a comprehensive evolutionary model of multiple spheres of geological processes in the Himalayas should be established.

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Redefining timing, genesis and geodynamic setting of polymetallic skarn mineralization, Gangdese belt, Tibet, from LA–ICP–MS garnet U–Pb geochronology

Xu,

Li,

Cook

et al. 2024

Gondwana Research

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Discovery of the large-scale Eocene Xiwu Pb–Zn–Ag deposit in the Tethyan Himalaya: Geochronology, geochemistry, and C–H–O–S–Pb–Sr–Nd isotopes

Cited by 10 publications

References 102 publications

Advances in metallogeny and tectonics of the Eastern Tethyan Realm: Introduction

Advances in metallogeny and tectonics of the Eastern Tethyan Realm: Introduction

A timeline of the Cenozoic tectonic–magmatic–metamorphic evolution and development of ore resources in the Himalayas

Redefining timing, genesis and geodynamic setting of polymetallic skarn mineralization, Gangdese belt, Tibet, from LA–ICP–MS garnet U–Pb geochronology

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