Discovery of the soliton self-frequency shift

Abstract

We describe the experimental discovery of a continuous shift in the optical frequency of a soliton pulse as it travels down the fiber. The effect is caused by a Raman self-pumping of the soliton, by which energy is transferred from the higher to the lower-frequency parts of its spectrum. For 120-fsec pulses, we have observed net frequency shifts as great as 10% of the optical frequency.

Raman Solitons and Mechanical Analog Method

“…According to the most authoritative theory of the division of the pulse in the femtosecond regime, higher-order solitons are affected by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and higher-order terms, the dispersion became unstable and eventually break down into several fundamental solitons (Tai et al, 1988, Kodama & Hasegawa, 1987. This was done meanly because of the results obtained in experiments on Raman multi peaks states (Mitschke & Mollenauer 1986, Gordon 1986). Their approach was based on the so named gravity like potential factor.…”

“…Meanwhile this approach cannot describe the process of the soliton self-compression appearing during the shift of its spectrum. Self-compression appears during the shift of its spectrum (Mitschke & Mollenauer 1986, Gordon 1986). Indeed, two additive terms (third and fourth in Eq.…”

Damped solitons in an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a spatial stimulated Raman scattering and decreasing dispersion

“…The dynamics of narrow HF wave packets is described by the third-order nonlinear dispersive wave theory [1], which takes into account the nonlinear dispersion (self-steeping) [14], stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) [15][16][17] and third-order dispersion (TOD). The basic equation of the theory is the extended NLSE [17][18][19][20][21].…”

“…This solution exists as the equilibrium between the nonlinear dispersion and SRS. For localized nonlinear wave packets (solitons), the SRS gives rise to the downshift of the soliton spectrum [15][16][17] and eventually to destabilization of the solitons. The use of the balance between the SRS and the slope of the gain for the stabilization of solitons in long telecom links was proposed in Ref.…”

The Integration of the All-Optical Analog-to-Digital Converter by Use of Self-Frequency Shifting in Fiber and a Pulse-Shaping Technique

“…In optical quantization, we use self-frequency shifting in a fiber [9,10] and AWG. The Raman self-frequency shift in a fiber, given by…”