Discovery, Structural Optimization, and Mode of Action of Essramycin Alkaloid and Its Derivatives as Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Anti-Phytopathogenic Fungus Agents

Abstract

Plant diseases seriously affect crop yield and quality and are difficult to control. Marine natural products (MNPs) have become an important source of drug candidates with new biological mechanisms. Marine natural product essramycin (1) was found to have good anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and anti-phytopathogenic fungus activities for the first time. A series of essramycin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their bioactivity. Most of these compounds exhibited antiviral effects that are greater than that of the control ribavirin. Compounds 7e and 8f displayed antiviral activities that are greater than that of ningnanmycin (the most widely used antiviral agent at present), thus emerging as novel antiviral lead compounds. As the lead compound, 7e was selected for further antiviral mechanism research. The results indicated that 7e could inhibit virus assembly and promote 20S disk protein aggregation. Fungicidal activity tests against 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi revealed that essramycin analogues displayed broad-spectrum fungicidal activities. Compound 5b displayed more than 50% inhibition rate against most of the 14 kinds of phytopathogenic fungi at 50 μg/mL. The current research lays a solid foundation for the application of essramycin alkaloids in crop protection.

Pityriacitrin marine alkaloids as novel antiviral and anti‐phytopathogenic‐fungus agents

“…Encouraged by the results of anti‐TMV activity, compound 3a was further evaluated for the mode of action using our reported method 23 . As shown in Fig.…”

“…The tests of anti‐TMV activity and fungicidal activity were carried out applying reported methods, 22,23 the detailed test procedures can be found in Supporting Information S1.…”

“…The mode of action studies of in vitro TMV and 20s CP disk assembly inhibition were carried out by the literature method 22,23 and detailed procedures can be seen in Supporting Information S1.…”

Route Development, Antiviral Studies, Field Evaluation and Toxicity of an Antiviral Plant Protectant Nk0238

“…Hao et al found lycorine and eudesmanolides exhibited anti-phytovirus activity [9,10] . Wang et al found series of marine natural products could be used as anti-plant-virus lead compounds [11][12][13][14] . Xia et al [15] found genipin and their derivatives and Li et al [16] found cerbinal and their derivatives both exhibited anti-virus activity.…”

Condition-based switching the multicomponent reactions of 5-amino-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazole, aromatic aldehydes, and pyruvic acid

“…Pyrimidine derivatives and their sulfur analogs have attracted much attention because of their wide range of biological activities involving antibacterial [1], antiinflammatory [2][3], analgesic [3], antitumour [4][5], antimicrobial [6], anti-infective [7] and antifungal [8][9] activities.…”