Discrepancies Between Protocols of Immunization Targeting Internationally Adopted Children in Western Countries

Alimenti, Cecilia Maria; Bechini, Angela; Boccalini, Sara; Bonanni, Paolo; Galli, Luisa; Chiappini, Elena

doi:10.3390/vaccines8010075

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Moreover, another multicenter study conducted ina Northern (Liguria) and a Southern (Apulia) Italian region found poor knowledge but good attitudes among undergraduates about HPV vaccination [ 20 ]. A review conducted on immunization protocols of IAC in Western countries demonstrated substantially different approaches that should be corrected [ 21 ]. Glatman-Freedman et al analyzed the variation in the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of influenza vaccination in Israel during the 2018/2019 season according to different clades of influenza A (H3N2) virus [ 22 ], and Barbara et al observed a substantial increase of vaccination adherence among HCWs of the Catholic UH of Rome, Italy, due to evidence-based promoting strategies [ 23 ].…”

Section: Manuscripts Included In the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness: A Commentary of Special Issue Editors

2020

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The Special Issue “Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness”, published in the journal Vaccines, has the main aim to increase international literature data on vaccine effectiveness and safety and on vaccination strategies in order to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination coverage rates. The main topics included in the call for papers were vaccines administered to infants, adolescents, adults, elderly people, at-risk populations (due to comorbidities and personal risk factors) and healthcare workers and strategies adopted to promote vaccination adherence among these categories. This Special Issue started from the assumption that, despite vaccination being universally recognized as one of the best strategies to increase duration and quality of life during the last centuries, vaccination coverage rates are often under the levels recommended to reduce circulation and to extinguish vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccine hesitancy involves at least 15% of the general population, and healthcare workers also sometimes demonstrate doubts on vaccination effectiveness and safety. At the end of the six-month submission period, 16 articles (15 research article and one review) were accepted after the peer-review processes and published online.

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Section: Manuscripts Included In the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness: A Commentary of Special Issue Editors

2020

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“…The management of IAC lacks evidence-based guidelines and fails to cover the entirety of the conditions that might affect the population [ 14 ]. Eosinophilia can be linked to parasitosis [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Infections in Internationally Adopted Children: A Twelve-Year Retrospective Study

et al. 2022

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Parasitic infections (PIs) are among the most frequent infectious diseases globally. Previous studies reported discrepant results regarding the prevalence of PIs in internationally adopted children (IAC). Data from IAC referred to our paediatric university hospital in 2009–2021 were collected to evaluate the frequency of PIs by the use of stool microscopic examination, antigen assays for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum, and serological tests for Toxocara canis, Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma mansoni, Echinococcus spp., Taenia solium, and Trypanosoma cruzi. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for PIs and eosinophilia. The proportion of IAC with at least one positive test was 26.83% (640/2385); 2.13% (n = 51) had positive tests for 2 or 3 parasites. A positive assay for helminthic infection was retrieved in 11.07% of children (n = 264), and 17.86% (n = 426) presented with eosinophilia. The most common positive tests were anti-Toxocara canis antibodies (n = 312; 13.8%), followed by positive stool antigen for Giardia lamblia (n = 290; 12.16%), and positive microscopic stool examination for Blastocystis hominis (n = 76; 3.19%). A statistically significant association was found between PIs and region of origin (children from Latin America and Africa were more likely to present PIs than children from Eastern Europe), age 5–14 years, and eosinophilia. No significant association was observed between PIs and gender, vitamin D deficiency, or anemia. In conclusion, PIs are relevant in IAC and an accurate protocol is needed to evaluate IAC once they arrive in their adoptive country.

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“…Testing for HBcAb makes the HBV-assessment more complete. Positive HBcAb and negative HBsAg can be detected in four different conditions: acute HBV infection, low levels of HBsAb in the serum that are not detectable by serotesting, susceptibility to HBV because of a false positive HBcAb, and undetectable level of HBsAg present in serum when the child is chronically infected [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrepancies between Vaccine Documentation and Serologic Status for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Hepatitis B in Internationally Adopted Children

et al. 2020

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Internationally Adopted Children (IAC) often show suboptimal immunisation coverage, but available data are discordant. Data at the first evaluation of 2073 IAC (median age: 6 years) referred to the Meyer Children’s University Hospital (Florence, Italy) in 2009–2019 were analysed in order to evaluate their immunisation status against diphtheria, tetanus, and hepatitis B. Negative antibody titres were observed in 11.5% of the IAC for diphtheria, 18.6% for tetanus, and 39.0% for hepatitis B. At multivariate analysis, originating from Africa was an independent risk factor for seronegativity for the three diseases (p < 0.001), while age below four years was an independent factor associated with protective immunity, only considering hepatitis B (p < 0.001). Vaccine documentation was an additional factor independently associated with protective immunity. However, a discrepancy between documentation (indicating previous vaccinations) and serology (showing negative antibody titres) was evidenced in 3.8% of the children for diphtheria, 12.6% for tetanus, and 29.6% for hepatitis B. This finding suggests that although vaccine documentation may reflect the presence of protective antibody titres, it should not be accepted as absolute evidence of protective immunity, underlining the importance of a complete assessment of immunisation status in IAC, particularly in those originating from Africa and aged over four years.

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Discrepancies Between Protocols of Immunization Targeting Internationally Adopted Children in Western Countries

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness: A Commentary of Special Issue Editors

Vaccination and Vaccine Effectiveness: A Commentary of Special Issue Editors

Parasitic Infections in Internationally Adopted Children: A Twelve-Year Retrospective Study

Discrepancies between Vaccine Documentation and Serologic Status for Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Hepatitis B in Internationally Adopted Children

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