Discrete diffraction and spatial gap solitons in photovoltaic LiNbO3 waveguide arrays

Chen, Feng; Stepić, Milutin; Rüter, Christian E.; Runde, D.; Kip, Detlef; Shandarov, V.; Manela, Ofer; Segev, Mordechai

doi:10.1364/opex.13.004314

Cited by 158 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Considering that Q and H are dynamical constants, this input condition implies fixed values Q 0 = 1 and H 0 = n0 + γ/2. (A variation of γ is equivalent to changing Q, the key parameter when thinking on experimental realizations [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]). We use the participation ratio, defined as R ≡ Q 2 / n |u n | 4 as an indicator of the degree of localization of a wave-packet (e.g., R = 1 for a single-site excitation, and R = N for an equally excited array).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-trapping transition in nonlinear cubic lattices

Naether

Martínez²,

Guzmán-Silva³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. E

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We explore the fundamental question about the critical nonlinearity value needed to dynamically localize energy in discrete nonlinear cubic (Kerr) lattices. We focus on the effective frequency and participation ratio of the profile to determine the transition into localization in one-, two-, and three-dimensional lattices. A simple and general criterion is developed -for the case of an initially localized excitation -to define the transition region in parameter space ("dynamical tongue") from a delocalized to a localized profile. We introduce a method for computing the dynamically excited frequencies, which helps us to validate our stationary ansatz approach and the effective frequency concept. A general analytical estimate of the critical nonlinearity is obtained, with an extra parameter to be determined. We found this parameter to be almost constant for two-dimensional systems, and proved its validity by applying it successfully to two-dimensional binary lattices.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-trapping transition in nonlinear cubic lattices

Naether

Martínez²,

Guzmán-Silva³

et al. 2013

Phys. Rev. E

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“…Such discrete spatial solitons typically have their propagation constants residing in the semi-infinite gap (arising from the total internal reflection) or inside a true photonic band gap (arising from the Bragg reflection). Although gap solitons were traditionally considered as a temporal phenomenon in one-dimensional (1D) periodic media, spatial gap solitons in both 1D and 2D configurations have been demonstrated recently in a number of experiments with either a selffocusing or a self-defocusing nonlinearity [5,6,[9][10][11][12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-trapping of optical vortices in waveguide lattices with a self-defocusing nonlinearity

Song¹,

Lou²,

Tang³

et al. 2008

Opt. Express

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“…By employing a simple nonlinear discrete model [12], we describe the crossover from discrete diffraction and surface repulsion in the linear regime, to the appearance of a purely nonlinear localized surface state at higher optical intensities. We discuss the physical mechanism of the nonlinearity-induced stabilization of the staggered surface modes.In our experiments, we study nonlinear surface localization in a semi-infinite array of single-mode optical waveguides fabricated by a Titanium in-diffusion process in a mono-crystal lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) wafer, similar to that recently used for the observation of discrete gap solitons [13,14]. The fabrication process, described in Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of Surface Gap Solitons in Semi-Infinite Waveguide Arrays

et al. 2006

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We report on the first observation of surface gap solitons, recently predicted to exist at the interface between uniform and periodic dielectric media with defocusing nonlinearity [Ya. V. Kartashov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 073901 (2006)]. We demonstrate strong self-trapping at the edge of a LiNbO3 waveguide array and the formation of staggered surface solitons with propagation constant inside the first photonic band gap. We study the crossover between linear repulsion and nonlinear attraction at the surface, revealing the mechanism of nonlinearity-mediated stabilization of the surface gap modes.PACS numbers: 42.65. Tg, 42.65.Sf5, 42.65.Wi Interfaces between different physical media can support a special class of localized waves known as surface waves or surface modes. In periodic systems, staggered surface modes are often referred to as Tamm states [1], first identified as localized electronic states at the edge of a truncated periodic potential. Because of the difficulties in observing this type of surface waves in natural materials such as crystals, successful efforts were made to demonstrate their existence in nano-engineered periodic structures or superlattices [2]. An optical analog of linear Tamm states has been described theoretically and demonstrated experimentally for an interface separating periodic and homogeneous dielectric media [3,4].Nonlinear surface waves have been studied in different fields of physics and most extensively in optics where surface TE and TM modes were predicted and analyzed for the interfaces between two different homogeneous nonlinear dielectric media [5,6,7]. In addition, nonlinear effects have been shown to stabilize surface waves in discrete systems, generating different types of modes localized at and near the surface [8]. Self-trapping of light near the boundary of a self-focusing photonic lattice has recently been predicted theoretically [9] and demonstrated in experiment [10] through the formation of discrete surface solitons at the edge of a waveguide array.Recently, Kartashov et al. [11] predicted theoretically the existence of surface gap solitons at the interface between a uniform medium and a photonic lattice with defocusing nonlinearity. In such systems, light localization occurs inside a photonic bandgap in the form of staggered surface modes. This enables us to draw an analogy with the localized electronic Tamm states and extend it to the nonlinear regime, so that the surface gap solitons can be termed as nonlinear Tamm states. They posses a unique combination of properties related to both electronic and optical surface waves and discrete optical gap solitons. The ability to generate such surface gap solitons could provide novel and effective experimental tools for the study of nonlinear effects near surfaces with possible applications in optical sensing and switching.In this Letter we study experimentally self-action of a narrow beam propagating near the edge of a LiNbO 3 waveguide array with defocusing nonlinearity. For the first time to our knowledge, ...

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Discrete diffraction and spatial gap solitons in photovoltaic LiNbO3 waveguide arrays

Cited by 158 publications

References 13 publications

Self-trapping transition in nonlinear cubic lattices

Self-trapping transition in nonlinear cubic lattices

Self-trapping of optical vortices in waveguide lattices with a self-defocusing nonlinearity

Observation of Surface Gap Solitons in Semi-Infinite Waveguide Arrays

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