Discrete formulation of envelope correlation coefficient for faster analysis in MIMO antenna systems

Andrade, Erik Fritz; Miguel, Ángel Pérez; Tirado‐Méndez, José Alfredo; Toledo, Luis Alberto Vasquez; Jiménez, Ricardo; Rodríguez-Colina, Enrique; Pascoe-Chalke, Michael

doi:10.22201/fi.25940732e.2022.23.4.028

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This study only included the result of one correlation coefficient due to time limitations. The results are nonetheless consistent with results from far field simulations [23].…”

Section: Comparisons Between Chamber Testssupporting

confidence: 88%

Analysis and Measurement of Key Performance Indicators for MIMO Antennas

Kynman,

Lindahl,

Starck

et al. 2024

2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

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Multiple-in multiple-out (MIMO) is a wireless communication technique where antenna arrays, at the receiver and transmitter, utilize signal multipath propagation to increase data throughput capacity. The unique benefits MIMO provides have over the last 20 years led to the steady increase in usage in both Wi-Fi and mobile networks. Predicting the performance of an antenna array designed for MIMO is more difficult than predicting the performance of a single antenna. This is due to the increased performance deriving from the processed combination of information from each antenna element. To determine the increased benefits that additional antenna elements can provide to a wireless system, the statistical correlation between the signals received from all antenna element needs to be evaluated. This correlation is expressed with the correlation coefficient ρ. The correlation coefficient may be estimated from the far field radiation pattern measured in an anechoic chamber, or measured from the statistically isotropic and homogeneous radiation environment provided by a reverberation chamber. However, Blanch, et al. 2003, proposed a much simpler method to estimate the correlation coefficient using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to measure scattering parameters (S-parameters) while assuming perfect antenna efficiency. In 2005 Hallbjörner proposed a modified version of the estimation including the effect of antenna efficiency. This project aimed to measure and compare the results from the two types of chamber tests along with the two S-parameter based approximation methods mentioned. To accomplish this, three different antenna arrays, with four elements each with varying efficiency and mutual coupling, were designed and manufactured. The antenna arrays were then measured in an anechoic chamber, in a reverberation chamber, and had their S-parameters determined with a VNA. From the measurements it was found that the results from both types of chamber tests agree well, indicating that both tests are viable methods of signal correlation estimation. The S-parameter method proposed by Blanch was found to be inaccurate for the antennas tested, likely due to low radiation efficiencies. However, the approximation method proposed by Hallbjörner produced better results, but requires the efficiencies of the antennas which is generally not simple to determine. In conclusion it is found that S-parameter measurements, which are commonly used by the wireless industry, do not provide valid estimates of the MIMO performance of antenna arrays unless they are complemented with measurements of antenna efficiency.A special thanks to Bluetest, and especially John Kvarnstrand, for the reverberation chamber test opportunity and further guidance.

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“…This study only included the result of one correlation coefficient due to time limitations. The results are nonetheless consistent with results from far field simulations [23].…”

Section: Comparisons Between Chamber Testssupporting

confidence: 88%

Analysis and Measurement of Key Performance Indicators for MIMO Antennas

Kynman,

Lindahl,

Starck

et al. 2024

2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the other hand, the MIMO metrics like ECC, DG [13,15], and TARC [14] are described by ( 5), (6), and (7), respectively, where N is the number of elements in the array.…”

Section: Simulated and Measured Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-ports Small Size Metamaterial Antenna with Electromagnetic Walls for MIMO Systems

Pineda-Salgado,

Tirado-Méndez,

Jardon-Aguilar

et al. 2024

PIER C

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In this paper, a very small 4-port MIMO antenna is designed, based on a metamaterial structure composed of embedded octagonal Split-Ring Resonators (SSRs). The antenna array shows an axial symmetry configuration with dimensions of 32 × 32 mm 2 , corresponding to 0.157λ 2 , approximately, related to a center frequency of 3.5 GHz, with a high electromagnetic isolation despite the radiators' closeness, reaching values bigger than 26 dB for adjacent antennas, and more than 28 dB for opposite antennas. The antenna is built on a substrate with dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and 1.27 mm thick. The Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) presents a steady behavior for different random phases at the incoming signals, keeping a system bandwidth of 0.9 GHz for a −10 dB value. On the other hand, the Envelope Correlations Coefficient (ECC) reports values lower than 0.001 in all the antenna relationships, achieving a very uncorrelated performance of the electric fields in each element. The radiation pattern is quasi-omnidirectional, obtaining a low gain around −2 dBi, a trade-off that is considering the size reduction of the MIMO antenna.

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Formulation of Envelope Correlation Coefficient for Multiple Sensors Based on Scattering Parameter

Mohd Nor Azami,

Abidin Abd. Aziz

2024

International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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The Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is crucial for assessing multiple sensor systems in wireless communication, sensing, and microwave imaging. ECC measures signal similarity between sensors, with higher values (close to 1.00) indicating strong correlation. Efficient power transmission, reception, and multiband path transmission enhance sensor network performance by improving data rates and reliability through multiple frequency bands. This study uses scattering parameters to calculate ECC for four different sensors in a single arrangement. Most of the sensors exhibit higher correlation at f2 and f3, while f1 shows a low ECC.

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Discrete formulation of envelope correlation coefficient for faster analysis in MIMO antenna systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis and Measurement of Key Performance Indicators for MIMO Antennas

Analysis and Measurement of Key Performance Indicators for MIMO Antennas

4-ports Small Size Metamaterial Antenna with Electromagnetic Walls for MIMO Systems

Formulation of Envelope Correlation Coefficient for Multiple Sensors Based on Scattering Parameter

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