Discrete geochemical behavior of Sr and Ba in the groundwater of Southern Mor Range, Balochistan, a tracer for igneous and sedimentary rocks weathering and related environmental issues

Kaleem, Maria; Naseem, Shahid; Bashir, Erum; Shahab, Bushra; Rafique, Tahir

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104996

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…On the other hand, the positive SI values for mineral phases of dolomite (2.6) and calcite (4.4) were observed. It demonstrates that these minerals could contribute to groundwater aquifers as the leading basis of As in the study area [78], releasing As due to the rock-water edge reactions. In the current study, the possible formation of SO 4 2− and CO 3 containing minerals and their role of As discharge under auspicious (alkaline) conditions could be found in dealing with groundwater's pH data, which were observed to be in alkaline limit in the majority of water samples.…”

Section: Ion-exchangementioning

confidence: 87%

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, sixty-one groundwater samples were collected from various groundwater sources in District Sanghar, Sindh province, Pakistan, to understand the geochemical behavior of elevated As in groundwater. Statistical summary showed the cations and anions abundance in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, and HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > NO3−. Arsenic was found with low to high concentration levels ranging from 5 µg to 25 µg/L with a mean value of 12.9 µg/L. A major water type of groundwater samples was mixed with NaCl and CaHCO3 type, interpreting the hydrochemical behavior of rock–water interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the mixed anthropogenic and natural sources of contamination in the study area. Moreover, rock weathering and exchange of ions controlled the hydrochemistry. Chloro-alkaline indices revealed the dominance of the reverse ion exchange mechanism in the region. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) exposed that 17 samples represent poor water, and 11 samples are not suitable for drinking.

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Section: Ion-exchangementioning

confidence: 87%

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Ullah

Talib

Rashid

et al. 2021

Water

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“…On the one hand, considering that minerals rich in fluoride, strontium, and sodium were extremely rare, the possibility of a homologous relationship was presumed to be low; on the other hand, the analysis in the above section considered that soil fluoride leaching by long-term agricultural irrigation may be one of the main sources of F − -high fissure water in the study area. Previous studies have shown that continuous irrigation not only leaches fluoride from the soil but also promotes cation exchange in the soil [16,22], resulting in relatively easy-to-fix cations such as calcium ions being fixed from the irrigation water into the soil medium and replacing relatively difficult-to-fix metal ions such as sodium and strontium ions [23], which ultimately led to the enrichment of fluoride, strontium, and sodium in the groundwater by leaching from the soil layer under the effect of long-term irrigation. Correspondingly, the fluoride and sodium and strontium content in the fissure water of the study area showed highly significant positive correlations (Figure 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of and Factors Affecting Groundwater Fluoride in the Western Coastal Area of Hainan Island, South China

Liu,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2023

Water

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Hainan, a well-known center of tropical agricultural production in south China, has received little attention regarding groundwater fluoride contamination. This study investigates the occurrence of fluoride in the western coastal area of Hainan Island and discusses factors affecting groundwater fluoride contamination in various aquifers and areas with different land-use types using hydrochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 100 groundwater samples were collected from the western coastal area of Hainan Island. The results show that the groundwater fluoride concentration is as high as 4.18 mg/L and that F−-high (>1 mg/L) groundwater accounts for 9% of total groundwater. The proportion of F−-high fissure water is about two times that of F−-high pore water. Among the different land-use types, the proportion of F−-high groundwater from highest to lowest is as follows: bare land > cultivated land > woodland > construction land > grassland. The main factor affecting fluoride in pore water is the leaching of fluorine/aluminum-containing minerals such as phlogopite and calcite in the vadose zone, which is characterized by the co-enrichment of fluoride and aluminum in pore water. The leading cause of fluoride in fissure water is the leaching of fluorine-containing fertilizers, and continuous irrigation promotes the cation exchange of sodium, strontium, and calcium, which is characterized by the co-enrichment of fluoride with sodium and strontium in fissure water. Consequently, it is advised to minimize the excessive use of fluoride fertilizers and increase groundwater quality monitoring in order to decrease the emergence of F−-high groundwater in the western coastal area of Hainan Island.

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“…Similarly, Brahman et al (2016) reported high SI of calcite (SI > 0) in the groundwater aquifers of two districts of Tharparkar, Sindh Pakistan, proposing precipitation of calcite and its dissolution during As release process. It shows that these minerals could occur in groundwater aquifers with primary basis of high As (Kaleem et al, 2021), due to the water-rock interaction. The SI's of gypsum were above zero with mean values of (0.57) and (0.66) for all groundwater samples in both districts Ghotki and Nawab Shah, respectively (Figures 3A,B).…”

Section: Saturation Indices For Minerals Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemical Characterization, and Suitability Assessment of Drinking Groundwater: Application of Geostatistical Approach and Geographic Information System

Ghani

Ullah

Nawab

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Arsenic (As) contamination in drinking groundwater sources is a common environmental problem in Pakistan. Therefore, we collected a total of (n = 81) drinking groundwater samples from various groundwater sources, from two districts’ namely Ghotki (n = 44) and Nawab Shah (n = 37) of Sindh, Province, Pakistan. The current research aimed to investigate the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater with elevated arsenic (As), its effect on the health of local population living in the study area, potential sources of groundwater variables, and the suitability of groundwater for ingestion motive. The results showed that groundwater sample variables of both districts had moderate to high concentration levels. The cations concentrations were observed in decreasing order of Na+ > Ca+ > Mg+ > K+, for both districts, while anions abundance was HCO3− > Cl− > SO42− > F− > NO3− in the Ghotki, and HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F− in the Nawab Shah, respectively. Arsenic (As) had low to high concentration levels in both districts, observed with average values of 10.1 μg/L and 21.0 μg/L in the Ghotki and Nawab Shah, respectively. The water type was mixed CaMgCl type in both districts, while the groundwater sources were saturated for CO3 minerals indicated by the saturation indices results. Principal component analysis showed the geogenic source of ion exchange, dissolution of minerals, weathering of host rocks and anthropogenic input of industrial activities, agricultural practices and domestic waste for groundwater contamination. The water quality index (WQI) exhibits that majority of groundwater samples (73.6% of Ghotki and 65.7% of Nawab Shah) were suitable for drinking. The non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of As were (>1) in groundwater samples of the Ghotki and Nawab Shah, while a high mean HQ value (8.78 × 100) was recorded for children in Nawab Shah. The carcinogenic risk (CR) values of As were significantly higher than the maximum threshold CR value (1 × 10–4). This study emphasized that monitoring strategies are substantially needed to mitigate the As contamination to reduce the potential health risk.

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Discrete geochemical behavior of Sr and Ba in the groundwater of Southern Mor Range, Balochistan, a tracer for igneous and sedimentary rocks weathering and related environmental issues

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Hydrogeochemical Investigation of Elevated Arsenic Based on Entropy Modeling, in the Aquifers of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan

Occurrence of and Factors Affecting Groundwater Fluoride in the Western Coastal Area of Hainan Island, South China

Hydrogeochemical Characterization, and Suitability Assessment of Drinking Groundwater: Application of Geostatistical Approach and Geographic Information System

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