Discrete laser spot hardening of austempered ductile iron

Zammit, Ann; Abela, Stephen; Betts, John C.; Grech, M.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.10.054

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…X-ray diffraction scan reveal the values of residual stresses in agreement with microhardness (650-800 HV) and microstructural variation (coarse martensite with retained austenite in the treated area). Similar results of surface hardening (770 HV) using low laser power intensity were obtained on ADI by Zammit et al [13]. SEM and XRD analysis showed a structure composed of martensite with unaltered graphite nodules.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

SEM and XRD Characterisation of Fusion Lines Obtained on Austempered Ductile Iron by Laser Beam Welding without Preheating

Mon

Țierean

Baltes

2021

ENS

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This study highlights the weldability of austempered ductile iron (ADI) using laser welding. SEM, EDS and XRD analysis were performed on fusion lines, heat affected zone (HAZ) and melted zone (MZ). Welding speed (Ws) and laser power (P) were varied. The heat affected zone is composed of graphite, perlite and martensite; the melted and solidified zone contains graphite, ferrite and cementite. XRD results are in accordance with SEM micrographs.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

SEM and XRD Characterisation of Fusion Lines Obtained on Austempered Ductile Iron by Laser Beam Welding without Preheating

Mon

Țierean

Baltes

2021

ENS

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“…During the LSQ and LSM processes, liquid-to-solid and solid-to-solid transformations occur in the laser treated zone, which can promote the generation of residual stresses. The residual stresses result from differences in the expansion and contraction ratios of the molten metal, heat-affected zone, and metal substrate, as well as volume variations of the phase transformation reactions (transformational stresses) [38] . Thus, LST can significantly affect the surface roughness of the processed workpiece [18,[39][40][41] .…”

Section: Processing Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A prediction approach of fiber laser surface treatment using ensemble of metamodels considering energy consumption and processing quality

Wu¹,

Zhang²,

Jiang³

et al. 2022

Green Manuf Open

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Laser surface treatment (LST) is essential for advanced manufacturing but is extremely energy intensive. Being energy-aware is imperative as the industry pays increasing attention to energy management and environmental protection. However, existing literature mainly focuses on the laser-material interaction in LST, while few studies have considered energy consumption when investigating the processing quality. In this article, three metamodels (Kriging, RBF, and SVR) are integrated into an ensemble of metamodels (EM) by suitable weight coefficients, and the EM incorporates the predictive advantages of different metamodels. The EM establishes the relationship between laser process parameters (laser power, scan speed, and defocusing amount) and three outputs (total energy consumption, surface roughness, and depth-width ratio of LST track). The effectiveness of the presented prediction approach is validated by the leave-one-out method and additional experiments. Furthermore, the main influences of process parameters on the three outputs are studied. According to the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), the optimal process parameter is Group No. 2, with the relative closeness of 78.04%, while the worst one is Group No. 13, with the relative closeness of 2.21%. The presented prediction approach can serve as a reliable foundation in the energy-aware application of laser processing.

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“…In order to increase the width of the heat treatment zone, in [37,38] the recommendation can be found to perform multiple passes of the laser beam with overlapping zones. During processing, the laser irradiation zones are superimposed on each other, which causes unproductive energy losses due to laser pulses being spent on the re-heating of already treated areas [39,40]. When processing with overlapping of heat-affected zones, layers significantly differing in micro-hardness are obtained.…”

Section: Optical Systems For the Shaping Of Laser Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Advantages of Laser Processing of Aerospace Materials Using Diffractive Optics

Murzin

Kazanskiy

Stiglbrunner

2021

Metals

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We considered possibilities of an application of diffractive free-form optics in laser processing of metallic materials in aerospace production. Based on the solution of the inverse problem of heat conduction, an algorithm was developed that calculates the spatial distribution of the power density of laser irradiation in order to create the required thermal effect in materials. It was found that the use of diffractive optics for the laser beam shaping made it possible to obtain specified properties of processed materials. Laser thermal hardening of parts made of chrome–nickel–molybdenum steel was performed. This allowed us to increase the wear resistance due to the creation in the surface layer of a structure that has an increased hardness. In addition, a method of laser annealing of sheet materials from aluminum–magnesium alloy and low-alloy titanium alloys was developed. Application of this method has opened opportunities for expanding the forming options of these materials and for improving the precision in the manufacturing of aircraft engine parts. It was also shown that welding by a pulsed laser beam with a redistribution of power and energy density makes it possible to increase the strength of the welded joint of a heat-resistant nickel-based superalloy. Increasing the adhesion strength of gas turbine engine parts became possible by laser treatment using diffractive free-form optics.

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Discrete laser spot hardening of austempered ductile iron

Cited by 26 publications

References 34 publications

SEM and XRD Characterisation of Fusion Lines Obtained on Austempered Ductile Iron by Laser Beam Welding without Preheating

SEM and XRD Characterisation of Fusion Lines Obtained on Austempered Ductile Iron by Laser Beam Welding without Preheating

A prediction approach of fiber laser surface treatment using ensemble of metamodels considering energy consumption and processing quality

Analysis of the Advantages of Laser Processing of Aerospace Materials Using Diffractive Optics

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