2019
DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000558
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Discrete multitone transmission for underwater optical wireless communication system using probabilistic constellation shaping to approach channel capacity limit

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Cited by 52 publications
(15 citation statements)
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“…To measure modulation rate, many previous researches establish communication system and test the bit error rate (BER) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Also, it could be evaluated by eye diagram with oscilloscope.…”
Section: Performance Of the Transmittermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To measure modulation rate, many previous researches establish communication system and test the bit error rate (BER) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Also, it could be evaluated by eye diagram with oscilloscope.…”
Section: Performance Of the Transmittermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Table 1 lists several impressive progresses in recent years. In 2019, a UWOC system using probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and discrete multi-tone (DMT) technology achieved a data rate of 12.62 Gbit/s over a 35 m underwater channel for the first time [12] , to the best of our knowledge. In the same year, a UWOC system with a data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s was deployed in a 60 m underwater channel, which used non-return to zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) modulation and a digital nonlinear equalizer [5] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Spatial summing is effective in improving the performance, which has been widely used in the visible light communication (VLC) system to mitigate the nonlinear effect. [12] LD/APD 60 (tap water) / / 2.5 Gbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2019 [5] LD/APD 56 (tap water) 0.0876 m −1 4.9056 3.31 Gbit/s QAM AWG/OSC 2020 [13] LD/MPPC 100 (pool water) 0.24 m −1 24 8.4 Mbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2020 [6] LD/PMT 100 (pool water) 0.0585 m −1 5.85 200 Mbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2021 [7] LD/PMT 150 (pool water) 0.053 m −1 8.775 500 Mbit/s PAM AWG/OSC 2021 [8] LD/PMT 200 (pool water) 0.0325 m −1 6.5 500 Mbit/s PAM AWG/OSC 2021 [9] LD/PMT 100.6 (tap water) 0.0658 m −1 6.6195 3 Gbit/s OOK AWG/OSC 2022 [10] LD/PMT 5 (turbid water) / / 10 Mbit/s PPM FPGA 2016 [14] LD/PIN 3 (artificial seawater) 0.481 m −1 1.443 50 Mbit/s QAM FPGA 2019 [15] LED/PIN 1.2 (tap water) / / 2.34 Gbit/s DMT FPGA 2020 [16] LED/APD 10 (tap water) 0.056 m −1 0.56 1 Mbit/s FSK FPGA 2020 [17] LD/APD 3.6 (tap water) / / 2.2 Gbit/s OFDM FPGA 2020 [18] LD/SPAD 2 (tap water) / / 6.21 Mbit/s PPM FPGA 2021 [11] LD/PMT 50 (pool water) 0.1307 m −1 In 2013, a VLC transmitter employing discrete power level stepping was proposed to address the nonlinearity, restricted dynamic range, and complex system designs of the conventional optical transmitters [22] . In 2017, a highly compact array of micro-LED pixels was proposed to generate a discrete optical signal, which achieved a data rate up to 200 Mbit/s [23] .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 3 In recent years, some researchers have explored the UWOC performance using theoretical and experimental methods, and most of them focused on the increase of data transmission rate and communication distance 4 6 However, the unique optical properties of the underwater environment and the highly dynamic ocean conditions exacerbate the absorption and scattering of light signals by seawater 7 . As the underwater environment is turbulent, link misalignment will take place frequently, especially in the vertical buoy-based surface-to-bottom UWOC applications 8 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%