In this chapter, a group of (more specifically 56 in total) emerging biology-based computational intelligence (CI) algorithms are introduced. We first, in Sect. 17.1, describe the organizational structure of this chapter. Then, from Sects. 17.2 to 17.57, each section is dedicated to a specific algorithm which falls within this category, respectively. The fundamentals of each algorithm and their corresponding performances compared with other CI algorithms can be found in each associated section. Finally, the conclusions drawn in Sect. 17.58 closes this chapter.