Discrete solitons in photorefractive optically induced photonic lattices

Efremidis, Nikolaos K.; Sears, Suzanne M.; Christodoulides, Demetrios N.; Fleischer, Jason W.; Segev, Mordechai

doi:10.1103/physreve.66.046602

Cited by 575 publications

(374 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The mask is appropriately imaged onto the input face of the crystal, creating a periodic input intensity pattern for lattice induction. The lattice period is about 27 μ m. With a negative bias voltage, the intensity pattern induces a "backbone" waveguide lattice, as the crystal turns into a defocusing nonlinear medium [22]. The vortex beam is generated by sending a coherent laser beam through a computer generated vortex hologram.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-trapping of optical vortices in waveguide lattices with a self-defocusing nonlinearity

Song¹,

Lou²,

Tang³

et al. 2008

Opt. Express

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-trapping of optical vortices in waveguide lattices with a self-defocusing nonlinearity

Song¹,

Lou²,

Tang³

et al. 2008

Opt. Express

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“…The BPRC, which features a saturable nonlinearity, is a kind of important nonlinear optical material, especially in creating the spatial optical solitons. In the past decades, many kinds of spatial solitons are observed from BPRCs [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. As illustrated in the Ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Switch between the Types of the Symmetry Breaking Bifurcation in Optically Induced Photorefractive Rotational Double-Well Potential

Chen

Luo

et al. 2013

J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

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We study the possibility of switching the types of symmetry breaking bifurcation (SBB) in the cylinder shell waveguide with helical double-well potential along propagation direction. This model is described by the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. The symmetry-and antisymmetry-breakings can be caused by increasing the applied voltage onto the waveguide in the self-focusing and -defocusing cases, respectively. In the self-focusing case, the type of SBB can be switched from supercritical to subcritical. While in the self-defocusing case, the type of SBB can not be switched because only one type of SBB is found. PACS numbers: 42.65.Tg; 47.20.Ky; 05.45.Yv; 42.65.Hw Phase transition is a fundamental topic in many branches of physics. Spontaneous symmetric breaking (SSB), which is the transition from the symmetric ground state (GS) to that which does not follow the symmetry of the potential, always plays an important role in inducing the transition [1]. In nonlinear systems, because additional nonlinearity always give rise to the effect of SSB, phase transition and SSB are also important issues and attract great attention. Among many kinds of nonlinear systems, double-well potential (DWP) or dual-core system is the most essential model employed to study the phase transition and SSB of the nonlinear states [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In DWP system, the important process relating to the phase transition and SSB is symmetric breaking bifurcation (SBB), which determines the process of symmetric states transiting to the asymmetric ones [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. There are two kinds of SBB, subcritical and super critical, which are tantamount to the phase transition of the first and second kind respectively. The former kind of SBB, subcritical type, features branches of the asymmetric states going at first backward after the bifurcation point then turning forward. While the latter one, the supercritical type, features the asymmetric branches going immediately to the forward direction after the bifurcation point. Different settings with different environments may possibly lead to different types of SBB. An interesting problem is the possibility to control the type of the SBB, and thus to switch between the respective phase transitions of the two kinds. About this problem, it has been reported that the addition of a periodic potential (optical lattice) acting in the unconfined direction changes the character of the SBB from sub-to supercritical [7]. Recently, it is also reported that the periodical modulation of the linearcoupling constant, which is induced by the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) via the double-Λ system, can change the SBB from sub-to supercritical with the increase of the total power of the probe beams [17].Very recently, a setting with rotational (alias helical) DWP potential in a cylinder shell waveguide was performed [18], which reported that the rotating speed of the potential could also induce the symmetry breaking of the nonlinear modes. It is well known that r...

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“…In the experiment, onedimensional (1D) spatial gap solitons were created in quasi-discrete waveguide arrays with the Kerr nonlinearity [17][18][19], as well as in arrays of photovoltaic waveguides in LiNbO 3 [20]. Parallel to that, 1D [21,22] and two-dimensional (2D) [23] spatial solitons of the gaptype were created in photonic lattices, which can be optically induced in photorefractive media (that feature saturable, rather than cubic, nonlinearity), using the technique proposed in [24,25] and then applied to the creation of spatial solitons of various types; see review [26].…”

Section: Introduction and The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of local amplitude E͑x , z͒ of the electromagnetic field along the propagation coordinate z in a photorefractive material equipped with the photonic lattice, of period 2 / K and strength I 0 , is described by the well-known equation [24,25]. In the normalized form, it is…”

Section: Introduction and The Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solitons in Bragg gratings with saturable nonlinearities

et al. 2007

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We introduce two different systems of coupled-mode equations to describe the interaction of two waves coupled by the Bragg reflection in the presence of saturable nonlinearity. The basic model assumes the ordinary linear coupling between the modes. It may be realized as a photorefractive waveguide, with a Bragg lattice permanently written in its cladding. We demonstrate the presence of a cutoff point in the system's bandgap, with gap solitons existing only on one side of it. Close to this point, the soliton's norm diverges with power −3 / 2. The soliton family between the cutoff point and the edge of the bandgap is stable. In this model, stationary bound states of two in-phase solitons are found too, but they are unstable, transforming themselves into breathers. Another model assumes a photoinduced longitudinal bulk grating, with the corresponding intermode coupling subject to saturation along with the nonlinearity. In that model, another cutoff point is found, with the soliton's norm diverging near it with power −2. Solitons are stable in this model too (while it does not give rise to twosoliton bound states). Collisions between moving solitons are always quasi-elastic, in either model.

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Discrete solitons in photorefractive optically induced photonic lattices

Cited by 575 publications

References 25 publications

Self-trapping of optical vortices in waveguide lattices with a self-defocusing nonlinearity

Self-trapping of optical vortices in waveguide lattices with a self-defocusing nonlinearity

Switch between the Types of the Symmetry Breaking Bifurcation in Optically Induced Photorefractive Rotational Double-Well Potential

Solitons in Bragg gratings with saturable nonlinearities

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