“…Numerous computational models address the size effect in plasticity responses of microscale metallic materials. High-fidelity discrete models, such as molecular dynamics [141,154,74,71,151] and discrete dislocation dynamics (DDD) [25,27,29,81,89,97,66], explicitly simulate the microstructural evolutions leading to plastic deformation. On the other hand, crystal plasticity [50,54,9,163,115,110,17] and strain gradient plasticity models [5,63,49,65,126,13,12,77,14] relies on a continuum description of the overall microstructural behavior resulting in the size effect phenomena.…”