“…Research on customer defection has been largely on two issues. The first is to understand its triggering forces for which hypothesized influence of antecedents on customer churning is investigated through customer data available from service providers or through self-report surveys (Ahn et al , 2006; Eshghi et al , 2006; Hejazinia and Kazemi, 2014; Kim and Yoon, 2004; Kisioglu and Topcu, 2011; Oghojafor et al , 2012; Portela and Menezes, 2010; Wong, 2011). The second approach is to develop prediction models of customer behaviors (Coussement and De Bock, 2013; Coussement et al , 2010; Glady et al , 2009; Gorgoglione and Panniello, 2011; Gürsoy 2010; Hadden et al , 2005; Hou and Tang, 2010; Huang et al , 2010; Huang et al , 2012; Jahromi et al , 2014; Jamal and Bucklin, 2006; Lariviere and Van den Poel, 2004; Lin et al , 2011; Migueis et al , 2012; Neslin et al , 2006; Owczarczuk, 2010; Qi et al , 2009; Richter et al , 2010; Tsai and Chen, 2010; Tsai and Lu, 2009; Verbeke et al , 2011; 2014; Wang et al , 2009; Xia and Jin, 2008; Xiao et al , 2014; Xie et al , 2009; Yu et al , 2011; Zhang et al , 2012).…”