Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (variance inflation factor (VIF) >5 variables were discarded) white nails, ocular ratio, and back length (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.191, 0.357, and 0.429, respectively) to have the highest discriminant power in female morphological characterization. For males, ocular ratio and black/corneous and white beak colors (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.180, 0.210, and 0.349, respectively) displayed the greatest discriminant potential. The first two functions explained around 90% intergroup variability. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was used to determine genotype clustering patterns. Interbreed and varieties proximity was evaluated through Mahalanobis distances. Despite the adaptability capacity to alternative production systems ascribed to both avian breeds, Sureña and Utrerana morphologically differ. Breed dimorphism may evidence differential adaptability mechanisms linked to their aptitude (dual purpose/egg production). The present tool may serve as a model for the first stages of breed protection to be applicable in other endangered avian breeds worldwide.

Effect of First Trough Vancomycin Concentration on the Occurrence of AKI in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Study of the MIMIC-IV Database

“…The logistic regression/COX model showed that FVTC, whether as a continuous or a categorical variable, was positively correlated with the occurrence of AKI, ICU mortality, and in-hospital mortality when unadjusted. The results of VIFs prior to multivariate analysis were listed in Supplementary Table S1 , with VIFs between 1 and 5 for each variable, illustrating the absence of multicollinearity problems ( 27 ). After adjusted by age, weight, gender, SOFA score, type of patient's first admission to ICU, ventilator use, vasopressor use, comorbidities, source of infection, infectious pathogen, co-infection with Gram-negative bacilli, duration of vancomycin use, vital signs, and the laboratory test result, FVTC was still a risk factor with the occurrence of AKI (OR: 1.02; 95% CI:1.01–1.04), ICU mortality (HR:1.02; 95% CI:1.01–1.03), and in-hospital mortality (HR:1.02; 95% CI:1.01–1.03), which means that for every unit increase in FVTC, the risk of AKI, ICU and in-hospital mortality increases by 1.02 times.…”

Multivariate Characterization of Morpho-biometric Traits of Indigenous Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) in Nigeria

“…Phenotypic variation of local animal resources indicates a genetic diversity that may be worth conserving for future uses while better understanding of the external features helps to facilitate the implementation of conservation policies aimed to ensure local resources survival [18]. Morphometric and phaneroptic approaches may be fundamental in the management of poultry considering the fact that they are fast and economically profitable [44]. The preponderance of more female birds in the present study could be attributed to the fact that smallholder poultry farmers normally keep more hens for the purpose of procreation, whereas the cocks are mostly slaughtered for consumption or sold to generate family income.…”

“…It is congruous to the submission of Vignal et al [6] that the prevalence of a particular colour could be attached to social-cultural value without any proven relationship with a biological function. This was buttressed by the report of González Ariza et al [44] that certain phaneroptic variables may be associated with consumers' trends and their cultural preferences.…”

“…Canonical discriminant analysis [43] option of IBM-SPSS [42] statistical software was applied to classify birds in the three agro-ecological zones based on quantitative traits. In the analysis, all the eighteen biometric traits and four conformation indices (covariates) were entered in a stepwise fashion as explanatory variables to establish and outline population clusters [44] based on agro-ecology. F-to-remove statistics was the criterion for variables' selection while multicollinearity was detected among the variables in the discriminant function using tolerance statistics.…”

The Study of Growth and Performance in Local Chicken Breeds and Varieties: A Review of Methods and Scientific Transference

“…In this regard, the variance overinflation probably derived from the fact that highly sex imbalanced populations were being modelled comprising both sexes altogether. The literature has suggested that the aptitude to which specific poultry genotypes are destined may condition the use of a greater number of animals of one sex or another [ 56 ].…”