Discriminant methods for radar detection of hail

Radar-based hail detection

“…Lopez and Sanchez (2009) calculated a number of variables derived from radar parameters, classified them by means of logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis, and combined selected variables to develop a new discriminating tool. Both statistical models selected mostly the traditional radar parameters for hail identification such as VIL, maximum reflectivity, height of the maximum reflectivity, maximum reflectivity change rate, storm top, and the tilt of the storm.…”

Comparison of polarimetric signatures of hail at S and C bands for different hail sizes

“…The uncertainties in determination of echo top height may preclude accurate hail diagnosis as shown by Delobbe and Holleman (2006) and found as one of the reasons for relatively low skill in predicting hail size using VIL based parameters (Edwards and Thompson, 1998). Utilizing temporal rate at which maximum Z H changes and the magnitude of storm tilt may also help to increase probability of hail detection (López and Sánchez, 2009). On the other hand, Fraile et al (2001) found larger hail sizes which are related to longer storm duration or larger storm height, in particular the maximum altitude of the 10 dBZ contour.…”

Use of Ground‐based Radar for Climate‐Scale Studies of Weather and Rainfall

“…1997; Edwards and Thompson 1998; Holleman et al. 2000; Lopez and Sanchez 2009). In addition to using VIL, the probability of hail has also been determined utilizing the 45 dB Z echo top height (Delobbe and Holleman 2006; Waldvogel et al.…”

“…It can be difficult to distinguish a small number of large hailstones from a large number of small hailstones as reflectivity values are dependent on both the size and number of hydrometeors (Delobbe and Holleman 2006). Thus, reflectivity values greater than or equal to 55 dBZ are generally assumed to contain hail (Delobbe and Holleman 2006;Fulton et al 1998), and researchers have related the probability that a storm will produce large hail to the vertically integrated liquid (VIL) product produced from Level II radar data (Billet et al 1997;Edwards and Thompson 1998;Holleman et al 2000;Lopez and Sanchez 2009). In addition to using VIL, the probability of hail has also been determined utilizing the 45 dBZ echo top height (Delobbe and Holleman 2006;Waldvogel et al 1979).…”