Discriminant Validity of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Halperin, Jeffrey M.; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.; Matier, Kristin; Sharma, Vanshdeep; McKay, Kathleen E.; Schwartz, Susan T.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199309000-00024

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with those reported in previous investigations of actigraph-measured activity in laboratory and classroom settings. Extant studies uniformly reported higher activity level in children with ADHD relative to typically developing controls during laboratory-based experimental tasks (Dane et al 2000;Halperin et al 1992Halperin et al , 1993Inoue et al 1998). The extent to which performance on these tasks (e.g., CPT, Stop-signal Task) is mediated by WM processes, however, is currently unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specificity of disproportionately high activity rates found in our ADHD sample is currently unknown and merits investigation. Actigraph studies comparing children with ADHD and children with other clinical disorders, such as anxiety and conduct disorder, are thus far inconclusive due to insufficient statistical power (Halperin et al 1993). Children with other clinical disorders are likely to exhibit lower activity rates than children with ADHD but higher rates than typically developing children to the extent that CE processes are disrupted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyperactivity in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Ubiquitous Core Symptom or Manifestation of Working Memory Deficits?

Rapport

Bolden

Kofler

et al. 2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

215

252

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Hyperactivity is currently considered a core and ubiquitous feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, an alternative model challenges this premise and hypothesizes a functional relationship between working memory (WM) and activity level. The current study investigated whether children's activity level is functionally related to WM demands associated with the domain-general central executive and subsidiary storage/rehearsal components using tasks based on Baddeley's (Working memory, thought, and action. New York: Oxford University Press 2007) WM model. Activity level was objectively measured 16 times per second using wrist- and ankle-worn actigraphs while 23 boys between 8 and 12 years of age completed control tasks and visuospatial/phonological WM tasks of increasing memory demands. All children exhibited significantly higher activity rates under all WM relative to control conditions, and children with ADHD (n = 12) moved significantly more than typically developing children (n = 11) under all conditions. Activity level in all children was associated with central executive but not storage/rehearsal functioning, and higher activity rates exhibited by children with ADHD under control conditions were fully attenuated by removing variance directly related to central executive processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperactivity in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Ubiquitous Core Symptom or Manifestation of Working Memory Deficits?

Rapport

Bolden

Kofler

et al. 2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

215

252

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These ERP results mirrored their behavioral findings of larger inattention scores in the AD/ HD group, but no difference in impulsivity scores between groups. Others, however, have reported larger impulsivity scores (more commission errors) as well for AD/HD children, relative to controls (Halperin et al, 1992(Halperin et al, , 1993Losier et al, 1996).…”

Section: Erp Studies Using the Cptmentioning

confidence: 92%

Attention deficit and impulsivity: Selecting, shifting, and stopping

Kenemans

Bekker

Lijffijt

et al. 2005

International Journal of Psychophysiology

104

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The present selective review addresses attention, inhibition, and their underlying brain mechanisms, especially in relation to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (AD/HD), and the effects of methylphenidate. In particular, event-related potential (ERP) studies suggest a deficit in the early-filtering aspect of selective attention in children with AD/HD. Results from stop tasks are consistent with impairments in stopping performance in AD/HD, but in children (as opposed to adults) these effects cannot be easily dissociated from more general impairments in attention to the task, and therefore an interpretation in terms of inhibitory control is not straightforward. On the other hand, the beneficial effects of methylphenidate are more specific to stopping, and there are no clearcut effects of methylphenidate on measures of selective attention. Even when group differences pertain specifically to stopping performance (as with adults with AD/HD), ERP evidence suggests at least a partial contribution of differences in switching attention to the stop signal, as revealed in measures of sensory cortex activation. ERP evidence from cued go/nogo tasks underlines the importance of taking into account the contribution of higher order control processes involved in anticipation of and preparation for task stimuli. It suggests that in certain conditions, expectancy, rather than response bias, contributes to increased behavioral response tendencies, and that a presumed index of response inhibition, the nogo N2, may rather reflect conflict monitoring. In sum, direct reflections of brain activity suggest that mechanisms of expectation and attention, rather than of response bias or inhibitory control, govern behavioral manifestations of impulsivity.

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“…Finally, studies examining computerized and pencil and paper tests of sustained attention and impulsivity (eg, continuous performance tests) 7,33,[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] were reviewed in the TRI report. 4 These measures poorly discriminated children with ADHD from their normally developing peers.…”

Section: Medical and Laboratory Screening Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Research literature relating to the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-occurring conditions in children from primary care settings and the general population is reviewed as the basis of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline for the assessment and diagnosis of ADHD. Epidemiologic studies revealed prevalence rates generally ranging from 4% to 12% in the general population of 6 to 12 year olds. Similar or slightly lower rates of ADHD were revealed in pediatric primary care settings. Other behavioral, emotional, and learning problems significantly co-occurred with ADHD. Also reviewed were rating scales and medical tests that could be employed in evaluating ADHD. The utility of using both parent-and teacher-completed rating scales that specifically assess symptoms of ADHD in the diagnostic process was supported. Recommendations were made regarding the assessment of children with suspected ADHD in the pediatric primary care setting. Pediatrics 2001;107(3). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/107/3/e43; prevalence, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, primary care.ABBREVIATIONS. ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TRI, Technical Resources International; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; DISC, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children; EEG, electroencephalogram; ERP, event-related potential.A ttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has defining features of inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity. 1 It is the most frequently encountered childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder in primary care settings. Symptoms frequently co-occur with other emotional, behavioral, and learning problems, including oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, and learning disabilities. The cause of ADHD is unknown, and multiple pathways may lead to the phenotypic expression of the disorder. 2 Public awareness of ADHD has increased, and the disorder represents a public health concern with significant effects on children's functioning across multiple areas. 2 Referrals to health care professionals for children suspected of having the disorder continue at a high rate, and changes in the health care system in the United States have placed increasing demands on primary care pediatricians to diagnose and manage the disorder. It is now recognized that ADHD is a chronic condition that will persist over the life span. 2 The American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Quality Improvement Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder synthesized a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and evaluation of children with ADHD. 3 This report will highlight the empirical literature review on which this practice guideline is based. The subcommittee worked with Technical Resources International (TRI), Washington, DC, under the auspices of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, to develop an evidence base addressing questions regarding the prevalence, co-occurring conditions, and diagnostic ...

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Discriminant Validity of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Hyperactivity in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Ubiquitous Core Symptom or Manifestation of Working Memory Deficits?

Hyperactivity in Boys with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Ubiquitous Core Symptom or Manifestation of Working Memory Deficits?

Attention deficit and impulsivity: Selecting, shifting, and stopping

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

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