Discriminating early-stage diabetic retinopathy with subjective and objective perimetry

Sabeti, Faran; van Kleef, Joshua P.; Iyer, Rakesh M.; Carle, Corinne F.; Nolan, Christopher J.; Chia, Rong Hui; Maddess, Ted

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1333826

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It identifies regional functional progression and recovery in T2D mild DR and DMO [121], including in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) [122,123]. It has recently been shown to have superior diagnostic power compared to SITA_SWAP or Matrix 24-2 perimetry [124]. OFA is sensitive in detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [119,125,126], multiple sclerosis [127], and epilepsy [128].…”

Section: Multifocal Pupillographic Objective Perimetry (Mfpop)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Field Tests: A Narrative Review of Different Perimetric Methods

Rai,

Sabeti,

Carle

et al. 2024

JCM

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Visual field (VF) testing dates back to fifth century B.C. It plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of retinal and neurological diseases. This review summarizes each of the different VF tests and perimetric methods, including the advantages and disadvantages and adherence to the desired standard diagnostic criteria. The review targets beginners and eye care professionals and includes history and evolution, qualitative and quantitative tests, and subjective and objective perimetric methods. VF testing methods have evolved in terms of technique, precision, user-friendliness, and accuracy. Consequently, some earlier perimetric techniques, often still effective, are not used or have been forgotten. Newer technologies may not always be advantageous because of higher costs, and they may not achieve the desired sensitivity and specificity. VF testing is most often used in glaucoma and neurological diseases, but new objective methods that also measure response latencies are emerging for the management of retinal diseases. Given the varied perimetric methods available, clinicians are advised to select appropriate methods to suit their needs and target disease and to decide on applying simple vs. complex tests or between using subjective and objective methods. Newer, rapid, non-contact, objective methods may provide improved patient satisfaction and allow for the testing of children and the infirm.

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Section: Multifocal Pupillographic Objective Perimetry (Mfpop)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Field Tests: A Narrative Review of Different Perimetric Methods

Rai,

Sabeti,

Carle

et al. 2024

JCM

Self Cite

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“…This response can help track retinal dysfunction in diabetic patients, potentially reflecting the severity of underlying blood vessel damage in the retina [32,106,107]. Compared with subjective automated perimetry (SAP), Sabeti et al found significant differences between the non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy for ObjectiveFIELD Analyzer (OFA; Konan Medical USA, Irvine, CA) mean defects (MDs) and pattern standard deviations (PSDs), but not for SAP MDs or PSDs [108].…”

Section: Multifocal Pupillographic Objective Perimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Structural and Functional Retinal Imaging and Biomarkers for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy

Zhang,

Deng,

Paulus

2024

Biomedicines

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a vision-threatening microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a leading cause of blindness worldwide that requires early detection and intervention. However, diagnosing DR early remains challenging due to the subtle nature of initial pathological changes. This review explores developments in multimodal imaging and functional tests for early DR detection. Where conventional color fundus photography is limited in the field of view and resolution, advanced quantitative analysis of retinal vessel traits such as retinal microvascular caliber, tortuosity, and fractal dimension (FD) can provide additional prognostic value. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has also emerged as a reliable structural imaging tool for assessing retinal and choroidal neurodegenerative changes, which show potential as early DR biomarkers. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables the evaluation of vascular perfusion and the contours of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), providing valuable insights into early retinal and choroidal vascular changes. Functional tests, including multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP), microperimetry, and contrast sensitivity (CS), offer complementary data on early functional deficits in DR. More importantly, combining structural and functional imaging data may facilitate earlier detection of DR and targeted management strategies based on disease progression. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques show promise for automated lesion detection, risk stratification, and biomarker discovery from various imaging data. Additionally, hematological parameters, such as neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), may be useful in predicting DR risk and progression. Although current methods can detect early DR, there is still a need for further research and development of reliable, cost-effective methods for large-scale screening and monitoring of individuals with DM.

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