Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Black American Men: Moderated-Mediation Effects of Ethnicity and Self-Esteem

Mereish, Ethan H.; N'cho, Hammad S.; Green, Carlton E.; Jernigan, Maryam M.; Helms, Janet E.

doi:10.1080/08964289.2016.1150804

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Specifically, as the amount of PED increases, depressive symptoms also increase (for meta‐analyses, see Pascoe & Smart Richman, 2009; Pieterse et al, 2012). Furthermore, even when considering factors such as ethnicity, self‐esteem, neighborhood racial composition, and coping strategies, the association between PED and depressive symptoms persists (English, Lambert, Evans, & Zonderman, 2014; Mereish, N’cho, Green, Jernigan, & Helms, 2016). As PED is a stressor that has been repeatedly found to be associated with depressive symptoms (Pascoe & Smart Richman, 2009; Pieterse et al, 2012; D. R. Williams & Mohammed, 2009), it seems reasonable to posit that it can serve as the catalyst in the HTD (Abramson et al, 1989).…”

Section: Perceived Everyday Discrimination As a Stressormentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms: Does Cognitive Style Mediate?

Hayes

Pössel

Roane

2019

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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In the hopelessness theory of depression, a causal chain from stressors (e.g., perceived everyday discrimination [PED]) to 5 negative cognitive styles (NCSs) and depressive symptoms is delineated. In a sample of 243 diverse community college students, PED was positively associated with 4 NCSs. Furthermore, 2 specific NCSs were associated with depressive symptoms and mediated the effect between PED and depressive symptoms. Implications for research and practice with individuals who experience PED are discussed.

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Section: Perceived Everyday Discrimination As a Stressormentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms: Does Cognitive Style Mediate?

Hayes

Pössel

Roane

2019

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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“…The existing body of literature that has examined the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms consistently indicates that there is a relationship between social environment, discrimination, and experience of chronic stress ( Archibald, 2017 ; Archibald et al, 2018 ; Hammond, 2012 ; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984 ). Research has documented that discrimination associated with racism plays an important role in depressive symptoms in black men ( Mereish et al, 2016 ). Evidence from previous studies suggests that the link between allostatic load and depressive symptoms is likely grounded in black men’s lived experiences with the discrimination associated with racism that exposes black men to social disadvantage and social inequity ( Thorpe et al, 2019 , 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Accumulation of Stress Among Black Men in the Health and Retirement Study

Thorpe

Cobb

King

et al. 2020

Innovation in Aging

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Background and Objectives Among the multiple factors posited to drive the health inequities that Black men experience, the fundamental role of stress in the production of poor health is a key component. Allostatic load (AL) is considered to be a byproduct of stressors related to cumulative disadvantage. Exposure to chronic stress is associated with poorer mental health including depressive symptoms. Few studies have investigated how AL contribute to depressive symptoms among Black men. The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to examine the association between AL and depressive symptoms among middle to old age Black men. Research Design and Methods This project used the 2010 and 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study enhanced face-to-face interview that included a biomarker assessment and psychosocial questionnaire. Depressive symptoms, assessed by the endorsement of 3 or more symptoms on the CES-D 8-item scale, was the outcome variable. The main independent variable, AL, score was calculated by summing the number values that were in the high range for that particular biomarker value scores ranging from 0 to 7. Black men whose AL score was 3 or greater was considered to be in the high AL group. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results There was a larger proportion of Black men in the high AL group who reported depressive symptoms (30.0% v. 20.0%) compared with Black men in the low AL group. After adjusting for age, education, income, drinking and smoking status, the prevalence of reporting 3 or more depressive symptoms was statistically significant among Black men in the high AL group(PR=1.61 [95% CI: 1.20-2.17]) than Black men in the low AL group. Discussion and Implications Exposure to chronic stress is related to reporting 3 or more depressive symptoms among Black men after controlling for potential confounders. Improving the social and economic conditions for which Black men work, play, and pray is key to reducing stress; thereby potentially leading to the reporting of fewer depressive symptoms.

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“…In the Mays et al study, Blacks were more likely to drop out of treatment than Whites, which clearly would serve to support persistence of their mental health problems. In a study by Mereish et al [ 46 ], the association of discrimination with depressive symptoms was mediated by the self-esteem in African American men, but not in Caribbean men. The authors postulate that differences between African American and Caribbean men in their responses to discriminatory experiences may be a function of racial socialization as well as the appraisal of what constitutes race-based discrimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronicity and Mental Health Service Utilization for Anxiety, Mood, and Substance Use Disorders among Black Men in the United States; Ethnicity and Nativity Differences

Mays

Jones

Cochran³

et al. 2018

Healthcare

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This study investigated ethnic and nativity differences in the chronicity and treatment of psychiatric disorders of African American and Caribbean Black men in the U.S. Data were analyzed from the National Survey of American Life, a population-based study which included 1859 self-identified Black men (1222 African American, 176 Caribbean Black men born within the U.S., and 461 Caribbean Black men born outside the U.S.). Lifetime and twelve-month prevalence of DSM-IV mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders (including Bipolar I and Dysthmia), disorder chronicity, and rate of mental health services use among those meeting criteria for a lifetime psychiatric disorder were examined. Logistic regression models were employed to determine ethnic differences in chronicity, and treatment utilization for disorders. While rates of DSM-IV disorders were generally low in this community sample of Black men, their disorders were chronic and remained untreated. Caribbean Black men born in the U.S. had higher prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Alcohol Abuse Disorder compared with African American men. Foreign born Caribbean Black men experienced greater chronicity in Social Phobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder compared to other Black Men. Utilization of mental health service was low for all groups of Black Men, but lowest for the foreign born Caribbean Black men. Results underscore the large unmet needs of both African American and Caribbean Black men in the United States. Results also highlight the role of ethnicity and nativity in mental disorder chronicity and mental health service utilization patterns of Black men.

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Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Black American Men: Moderated-Mediation Effects of Ethnicity and Self-Esteem

Cited by 43 publications

References 34 publications

Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms: Does Cognitive Style Mediate?

Perceived Everyday Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms: Does Cognitive Style Mediate?

The Association Between Depressive Symptoms and Accumulation of Stress Among Black Men in the Health and Retirement Study

Chronicity and Mental Health Service Utilization for Anxiety, Mood, and Substance Use Disorders among Black Men in the United States; Ethnicity and Nativity Differences

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