Discrimination and identification of ferric oxides using satellite Thematic Mapper data: A Newman case study

Fraser, Stephen

doi:10.1080/01431169108929678

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…gypsum, alunite), show diagnostic spectral features that permit their remote identification (e.g. Hunt and Ashley, 1979;Prost, 1980;Podwysocki et al, 1983;Gladwell et al, 1983;Townsend, 1987;Clark et al, 1990;Fraser, 1991). Weathering processes produce the same minerals as hydrothermal alteration processes and mask the spectral response of underlying rocks with coatings and internal mineralogical transformations (Buckingham and Sober, 1983).…”

Section: Alteration Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amos and Greenbaum, 1989;Fraser, 1991;Spatz, 1997). In tropical regions, however, high vegetation density can critically limit the successful application of Landsat TM data to the detection and (Fraser, 1991).…”

Section: Alteration Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectral unmixing (Smith et al, 1985) is one such technique and endeavors at searching the abundances or fractions of pure spectral components, so called end members, which best explain the observed mixed pixel spectra. PCA of images has been shown to be a successful tool to minimize the vegetation effect in the resulting images Kaufman, 1988;Loughlin, 1991;Fraser, 1991;Bennett et al, 1993;Ruiz Armenta and Prol Ledesma, 1998;Tangestani and Moore, 2001). The principal components can be analyzed using the standard or selective method.…”

Section: Alteration Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of remote sensing and GIS in mineral resource mapping-An overview

Rajesh

2004

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

110

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Remote sensing, as a direct adjunct to field, lithologic and structural mapping, and more recently, GIS have played an important role in the study of mineralized areas. A review on the application of remote sensing in mineral resource mapping is attempted here. It involves understanding the application of remote sensing in lithologic, structural and alteration mapping. Remote sensing becomes an important tool for locating mineral deposits, in its own right, when the primary and secondary processes of mineralization result in the formation of spectral anomalies. Reconnaissance lithologic mapping is usually the first step of mineral resource mapping. This is complimented with structural mapping, as mineral deposits usually occur along or adjacent to geologic structures, and alteration mapping, as mineral deposits are commonly associated with hydrothermal alteration of the surrounding rocks. In addition to these, understanding the use of hyperspectral remote sensing is crucial as hyperspectral data can help identify and thematically map regions of exploration interest by using the distinct absorption features of most minerals. Finally coming to the exploration stage, GIS forms the perfect tool in integrating and analyzing various georeferenced geoscience data in selecting the best sites of mineral deposits or rather good candidates for further exploration.

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Section: Alteration Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alteration Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alteration Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application of remote sensing and GIS in mineral resource mapping-An overview

Rajesh

2004

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

110

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“…Satellite imagery in the visible and near-infrared (0.4-2.5 fim) has been conven tionally used to map hydrothermal alteration related to mineral deposits (Hunt and Ashley 1979, Prost 1980, Podwysocki et al 1983, Townsend 1987, Fraser 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric correction has been performed by the minimum absorption method (Fraser 1991), and the intersection regression method (Crippen 1986), the latter showing better results in mapping different lithological units. Dense areas of vegeta tion were masked by thresholding the near-infrared/red ratio (TM bands 4/3) (Elvidge and Lyon 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping geological stages of climate-dependent iron and clay weathering alteration on lithologically uniform sedimentary units using Thematic Mapper imagery (Tertiary Duero Basin, Spain)

Riaza¹,

López²,

Santisteban³

2000

International Journal of Remote Sensing

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Abstract. Weathering processes are responsible for slight surface mineralogical differences allowing the distinction between lithologically similar geological units using Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Two different stages throughout time of overlying iron alteration are notoriously distinctive on the imagery and laboratory spectra. Their diverse spectral behaviour follows the dominant iron hydroxide with kaolinite and carbonate crusts on the Pliocene Ochre Alteration typical of a humid warm climate, compared with the dominant nonhydratated iron oxides with smectite on the Miocene Red Alteration developed under a mediterranean dry climate. Iron materials with carbonate hinder appearance of the typical iron absorption features in the visible wavebands. Therefore, the iron weathering alteration coatings will be obscured on the imagery when it is developed on carbonate sediments or detritic sediments with carbonate cement or matrix. The presence of carbonate within the sediment as cement or alteration product decreases the overall reflectance of laboratory nonconsolidated rocks and the clay size fraction from rocks, apart from smoothing the 2200 nm absorption typical of OH-bearing minerals. The presence of carbonate cement and carbonate crusts favours the differentiation of some units. Digital mapping through image pro cessing of different series of digital data leads to a sequential masking of classes to produce a final map. The sequence of masking produces different maps which can be used as a tool to model aspects of the sedimentary basin and geological processes throughout time.

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Remote Sensing Applications

Liu¹,

Mason²

2009

Essential Image Processing and GIS for Remote Sensing

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Texture: Refers to the frequency of tonal changes in an image. Texture is produced by an aggregate of unit features, which may be too small to be clearly discernible individually on the image. It is a product of their individual shape, size, pattern, shadow and tone. By definition, texture is dependent on the scale. As the scale of the photograph is reduced the texture of a given object becomes progressively finer and eventually disappears. Some of the terms often used to describe relative texture values qualitatively are coarse, fine, medium, smooth, rough, etc., it is rather easier to distinguish various textural classes visually than in the digital-oriented techniques. Pattern:The pattern relates to the spatial arrangement of the objects. The repetition of certain general forms or relationships is characteristic of many objects, both natural and man made, and gives objects a pattern which aids the image interpreter in recognizing them. For example, interbedded sedimentary rocks typically gives an alternating tonal pattern which aids in their identification. Shape:Relates to the general form, configuration or out line of an individual object. Shape is one of the most important single factor for recognizing objects from images. For example, a railway line is usually readily distinguished from a highway or a kuchha road because its shape consists of long straight tangents and gentle curves as opposed to the shape of a highway. The shape of an object viewed from above may quite different from its profile view. However, the plan view of object is more important and sometimes conclusive indication of their structure, composition and function is possible. Size:The size of an objects can be important tool for its identification. Objects can be misinterpreted if their sizes are not evaluated properly. Although, the third dimension, i.e., height of the objects, is not readily measurable on satellite images, but valuable information can be derived from the shadows of the objects. Images with stereoscopic coverages, such as those from SPOT and CARTOSAT-1 & 2 provide information on third dimension (height). For planar objects, it is easier to calculate the areal dimensions on imagery, for example-alluvial fan, flood plain, etc.Shadows: are of importance to photo interpreters in two opposing respects (1) The outline or shape of a shadow affords a profile view of objects, which aids interpretation, and (2) objects within shadow reflect little light and are difficult to discern on photographs, which hinders interpretation.Association: It is one of the most helpful clues in identification of land forms. For example, a flood plain is associated with several fluvial features such as terraces, meanders, ox-bow lakes, abandoned channel, etc. Similarly, a sandy plain in a desert is associated with various types of sand dunes. Terrain ElementsIn addition to the image elements described above, the terrain elements listed below are also very useful for image interpretation. The terrain elements include drainage patterns, drainage dens...

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Discrimination and identification of ferric oxides using satellite Thematic Mapper data: A Newman case study

Cited by 55 publications

References 4 publications

Application of remote sensing and GIS in mineral resource mapping-An overview

Application of remote sensing and GIS in mineral resource mapping-An overview

Mapping geological stages of climate-dependent iron and clay weathering alteration on lithologically uniform sedimentary units using Thematic Mapper imagery (Tertiary Duero Basin, Spain)

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