Discrimination between farmed and free-living invasive salmonids in Chilean Patagonia using stable isotope analysis

Schröder, V.; Leániz, Carlos García de

doi:10.1007/s10530-010-9802-z

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Numbers of escaped salmonids in Chile have mostly been reported or estimated after large and/or catastrophic events (Soto et al 2001, Thorstad et al 2008, Nik litschek et al 2013). In addition to escapes caused by harsh weather conditions, farmed salmon may escape from marine net-pens through persistent lowlevel leakage (Buschmann et al 2009, Schröder & García de Leaniz 2011. Unfortunately, information on the number of salmonids that escape from regular leakages in Chile remains poorly documented.…”

Section: Quantifying Salmon and Trout Escapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, exotic salmonids have been reported as the most abundant fishes in freshwater systems of Chile ). Since there is no documented evidence of successful natural reproduction of Atlantic and coho salmon in Chile, individuals from these species inhabiting freshwater systems appear to have exclusively originated from aquaculture escapes (Soto et al 2001, Schröder & García de Leaniz 2011. Also, because no massive escape events have been reported in freshwater systems, the recurrent presence of salmonids in freshwater systems could be explained by frequent operational leakages from salmon farms.…”

Section: Quantifying Salmon and Trout Escapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For Atlantic salmon, there is no evidence for the establishment of naturalized populations (Soto et al 2001, Schröder & García de Leaniz 2011. Indirect evidence suggests that this species fails to establish because escaped individuals do not feed or grow very well in the wild (Soto et al 2001).…”

Section: Threats From Escapees Establishing Self-sustaining Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Re cently, some tools have been developed to differentiate potentially escaped from free-living fish, including the detection of manganese concentration from scales (Adey et al 2009) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (Schröder & García de Leaniz 2011). Furthermore, some approaches with molecular markers have been used in Chile to distinguish whether salmonids in rivers and lakes are descended from specimens introduced for ranching or from individuals which have escaped from salmon farms (Astorga et al 2008), or whether a genetic admixture occurs be tween individuals escaping from fish farms and 'naturalized' salmonids (Consuegra et al 2011).…”

Section: Mitigating Salmonid Escapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Escaped farmed salmon and trout in Chile: incidence, impacts, and the need for an ecosystem view

Sepúlveda¹,

Arisméndi²,

Soto³

et al. 2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Section: Quantifying Salmon and Trout Escapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quantifying Salmon and Trout Escapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Threats From Escapees Establishing Self-sustaining Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mitigating Salmonid Escapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Escaped farmed salmon and trout in Chile: incidence, impacts, and the need for an ecosystem view

Sepúlveda¹,

Arisméndi²,

Soto³

et al. 2013

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This approach uses genetic samples from fish farms for comparisons with recaptured escaped salmon, but has primarily been used to trace recently escaped salmon and does not provide information about the time of escape. Several methods have been used to discriminate between wild and farmed salmon, such as fatty acid (FA) distributions (Axelson et al 2009), chemical profiling with elemental analysis (Anderson et al 2010), 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (Aursand et al 2009), and the use of stable isotopes (Dempson & Power 2004, Schröder & de Leaniz 2011. These methods all depend on differences in the composition of the food consumed by wild and farmed fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of fatty acid profiles to monitor the escape history of farmed Atlantic salmon

Skilbrei¹,

Normann²,

Meier³

et al. 2015

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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Farmed Atlantic salmon can escape from fish farms at various stages of their life, from juveniles to large mature fish. Escapees that enter rivers to spawn pose a threat to the genetic integrity of wild populations. Knowledge about the timing of these escapes can provide important information for wildlife management and the aquaculture industry, enabling them to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of escapees. Farmed salmon food has a high content of terrestrial lipids; thus, we used fatty acid (FA) profiling to monitor the escape history of farmed salmon. Escaped salmon captured in rivers (n = 251) presented a wide range of FA profiles that we used to classify the fish as (1) early-escaped wild-like fish that were assumed to have escaped at smolt or early post-smolt stage (24%), (2) recently escaped fish with high levels of FAs typically found in commercial salmon food (61%) and (3) intermediate escapees whose FA profiles lay between those 2 groups (15%). To estimate the size at escape of the intermediate escapees, we performed a feeding experiment that monitored the development of FA profiles after a shift in diet from terrestrial to marine lipids. Most intermediate escapees appeared to have escaped when they were < 3 kg, and ranged from 3 to 11 kg when recaptured in rivers. We conclude that FA profiling is a promising tool to monitor escape histories, and that the proportion of post-smolt escapees in this study was high compared to official escape statistics which include very few reports of young fish escaping.

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Otolith‐Chemistry‐Based Discrimination of Wild‐ and Hatchery‐Origin Steelhead across the Lake Michigan Basin

Watson

Prichard

Jonas

et al. 2018

N American J Fish Manag

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Effective conservation and management of mixed-stock fisheries depends upon accurate stock identification of individual fish. We evaluated the utility of otolith chemical analysis as an approach to classify juvenile, premigratory steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss collected in tributaries of Lake Michigan as either wild or hatchery origin. Two primary hypotheses proposed were that otolith chemistry can be used (1) to classify juvenile, hatchery-origin steelhead to the correct hatchery of origin and (2) to correctly classify stream-collected juvenile steelhead as wild or hatchery origin. Using laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we analyzed the concentrations of seven elements (using 25 Mg, 55 Mn, 65 Cu, 66 Zn, 88 Sr, 137 Ba, 208 Pb) in the otoliths of juvenile steelhead collected from five hatcheries and 25 streams in the Lake Michigan basin. When discriminating among hatcheries, only 4.41% of fish misclassified to an alternate hatchery when subjected to the best random forest classification algorithm that included all elements as predictor variables. Distinct chemical signatures between fish of wild and hatchery origin supported 100% classification accuracies of known-wild, age-0 steelhead as wild origin for 19 of the 25 streams sampled. Misclassification of wild, age-0, and hatchery-origin fish, which tended to occur for streams that were located in close proximity to the hatchery, never exceeded 3.4% for a given stream. Our findings demonstrate highly successful discrimination of hatchery-origin and wild juvenile steelhead across a broad geographic range. Applying the classification algorithms developed herein to unknown-origin steelhead provides the ability to infer survival of year-classes from specific hatcheries. Further, the ability to differentiate hatchery-and wild-origin fish will assist in stock assessment efforts allowing for increased effectiveness of conservation and management of the species.

show abstract

Discrimination between farmed and free-living invasive salmonids in Chilean Patagonia using stable isotope analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 81 publications

Escaped farmed salmon and trout in Chile: incidence, impacts, and the need for an ecosystem view

Escaped farmed salmon and trout in Chile: incidence, impacts, and the need for an ecosystem view

Use of fatty acid profiles to monitor the escape history of farmed Atlantic salmon

Otolith‐Chemistry‐Based Discrimination of Wild‐ and Hatchery‐Origin Steelhead across the Lake Michigan Basin

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