Discrimination between softwood and hardwood based on hemicellulose content obtained with portable nuclear magnetic resonance

Stagno, Valeria; Ricci, Sara; Longo, Sveva; Verticchio, Elena; Frasca, Francesca; Siani, Anna Maria; Capuani, Silvia

doi:10.1007/s10570-022-04728-x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…On the one hand, no significant correlation was found between T 2 and T 2 * and wood density in the water-soaked wood sample. On the other hand, a significant correlation was found between T 1 and wood density (Pearson's correlation (R) = 0.60, p-value (p) = 0.025) in the water-soaked wood samples (in agreement with references [52,57]), and between T 2 * and wood density (R = 0.38, p = 0.045) in the wood samples at RH = 30%, as shown in Figure 5. The correspondence between the letter and wood species is shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Relaxation Times and Wood Densitysupporting

confidence: 83%

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A Multi-Parametric Investigation on Waterlogged Wood Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Scanner

Longo¹,

Egizi

Stagno

et al. 2023

Forests

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In cultural heritage conservation science, moisture content (MC) is an essential factor to determine. At the same time, it is essential to choose non-destructive and non-invasive approaches for more sustainable investigations and make them safe for the environment and the sample. The question addressed in this work concerns the possibility and the opportunity to investigate waterlogged wood by using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clinical scanners to carry out non-destructive volumetric diagnostics. In this study, MRI, the most important non-invasive medical imaging technique for human tissue analysis, was applied to study archaeological waterlogged wood samples. This type of archaeological material has a very high moisture content (400%–800%), thus, it is an ideal investigative subject for MRI which detects water molecules inside matter. By following this methodology, it was possible to obtain information about water content and conservation status through a T1, T2, and T2* weighted image analysis, without any sampling or handling, and the samples were directly scanned in the water where they were stored. Furthermore, it permited processing 3D reconstruction, which could be an innovative tool for the digitalization of marine archaeological collections. In this work, 16 modern species of wood and a waterlogged archaeological wood sample were studied and investigated using a clinical NMR scanner operating at 3T. The results were compared with X-ray computed tomography (CT) images, as they had already been used for dendrochronology. The comparison highlights the similar, different, and complementary information about moisture content and conservation status in an all-in-one methodology obtainable from both MRI and CT techniques.

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Section: Relaxation Times and Wood Densitysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…When RH = 30%, there is poor water that wets the walls of vessels [58,59]. This water is strongly interacting with cell walls and membranes [42,57,58,60]. For this reason, the T 2 * relaxation times are much shorter than those of the free water in the vessels [39,52].…”

Section: Relaxation Times and Wood Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Parametric Investigation on Waterlogged Wood Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Scanner

Longo¹,

Egizi

Stagno

et al. 2023

Forests

Self Cite

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“…The smaller particles degrade quicker than the larger ones due to better heat transfer . Hardwoods have a higher hemicellulose content than softwoods and degrade at a lower temperature. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 Hardwoods have a higher hemicellulose content than softwoods and degrade at a lower temperature. 58,59 All thermally cured control samples and composites exhibited higher T onset values in comparison to carbonated composite samples. SS samples thermally cured at 60 and 105 °C exhibited T onset values of 148 and 209 °C and residue ash content of 75% and 83%, respectively.…”

Section: Modulated Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry (Mdsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonation Curing and Kinetics of Wood-Sodium Silicate Composites

Orji,

Maughan,

McDonald

2024

ACS Sustainable Resour. Manage.

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In this study, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was sequestered in the curing of wood-sodium silicate (SS) composites. The effect of carbonation curing pressure, reaction time, wood fiber particle size, and post curing temperature on the thermal and mechanical properties of wood-SS composites was investigated. A mixture of 50 wt % wood (40 and 200-mesh) and SS was used to fabricate composites that were considered for carbonation curing. Dynamic rheological behavior of the blends during isothermal curing showed a higher complex viscosity for CO 2 -treated samples. X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans showed an increased CO 2 penetration depth with carbonation time and pressure. The %CO 2 uptake for wood-SS samples increased with the CO 2 exposure time and pressure. Curing kinetics of neat SS and wood-SS composites of different wood contents (50−70 wt %), examined using modulated dynamic scanning calorimetry (MDSC), showed activation energies ranged from 85 to 125 kJ/mol. The flexural properties of the 200-mesh wood-SS composites were higher with flexural modulus between 0.8 to 11.2 GPa and flexural strength between 3.5 to 59.2 MPa. Statistical response surface methodology showed that the CO 2 pressure and exposure time had significant effects on the mechanical properties of carbonated cured wood-SS composites.

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“…It is not clear if that increase in ordering is on a macroscopic, cellular, or molecular level or some combination. Softwoods, which are lumber derived from conifers, have less cell specialization and microscopic complexity than hardwoods which are derived from deciduous trees (Stagno V et al 2022). Therefore, on a cellular level, hardwoods are arguably more complex than softwood.…”

Section: "Complex" Structure and Function -Deviating From The Origina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reexamining “Free Energy Rate Density” as a Complexity Metric

Solis

2024

JBH

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Cosmic Evolution, by Eric J. Chaisson is arguably one of the original “core” texts of big history. Despite being published over 20 years ago, it is still relevant for its explanation of the cosmological and thermodynamic underpinnings of the evolution of complex systems over the span of time. It was also a pioneering work because it proposed that we can quantify the degree of complexity of systems by determining the quantity of the “free energy rate density” or FERD (abbreviated as “Ωm” in Cosmic Evolution) that flows through a system. Although Chaisson advises that his correlations of FERD to complexity degree is subject to various limitations and generalizations, careful analysis of the arguments and examples used to support FERD indicates that it is even less likely to be as reliable and quantifiable than he purports for at least the following reasons:1. The author offers a relatively short list of criteria for a system to qualify being “complex” that in turn results in the inclusion of systems that are not classified as complex by usual criteria. 2. Free energy rate density is not compared against other complexity metrics and subsequently seems to serve as its own “gold standard.” The lack of comparisons results in a tautological argument and sometimes questionable conclusions.3. The argument for FERD sometimes deviates from the hypothesis that FERD is a good way to measure the degree of a system’s complexity to a claim that it also measures complex functions and structures as well. 4. The FERD that he reports are often actually for the total energy flow through a system. Hence, a much more efficient complexity might only appear to be less complex. 5. Complex systems have many variables that can confound attempts to make reliable and precise generalizations, including good metrics for their degree.

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Discrimination between softwood and hardwood based on hemicellulose content obtained with portable nuclear magnetic resonance

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

A Multi-Parametric Investigation on Waterlogged Wood Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Scanner

A Multi-Parametric Investigation on Waterlogged Wood Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinical Scanner

Carbonation Curing and Kinetics of Wood-Sodium Silicate Composites

Reexamining “Free Energy Rate Density” as a Complexity Metric

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