Discrimination of cultivation ages and cultivars of ginseng leaves using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis

Abstract

To determine whether Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectral analysis combined with multivariate analysis of whole-cell extracts from ginseng leaves can be applied as a high-throughput discrimination system of cultivation ages and cultivars, a total of total 480 leaf samples belonging to 12 categories corresponding to four different cultivars (Yunpung, Kumpung, Chunpung, and an open-pollinated variety) and three different cultivation ages (1 yr, 2 yr, and 3 yr) were subjected to FT-IR. The spectral data were analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis. A dendrogram based on hierarchical clustering analysis of the FT-IR spectral data on ginseng leaves showed that leaf samples were initially segregated into three groups in a cultivation age-dependent manner. Then, within the same cultivation age group, leaf samples were clustered into four subgroups in a cultivar-dependent manner. The overall prediction accuracy for discrimination of cultivars and cultivation ages was 94.8% in a cross-validation test. These results clearly show that the FT-IR spectra combined with multivariate analysis from ginseng leaves can be applied as an alternative tool for discriminating of ginseng cultivars and cultivation ages. Therefore, we suggest that this result could be used as a rapid and reliable F1 hybrid seed-screening tool for accelerating the conventional breeding of ginseng.

Metabolic comparison between standard medicinal parts and their adventitious roots of Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. using FT-IR spectroscopy after IBA and elicitor treatment

“…특히 FT-IR을 이용한 분석법은 높은 감도를 가지며 다수의 시료로부터 얻어진 스펙트럼을 쉽고 간편하게 조사할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 최근 FT-IR 스 펙트럼 데이터의 다변량 통계분석 기술은 유연관계가 높은 고등식물의 종 구분 (Kwon et al 2011;Kim et al 2007) 및 품종 식별 (Kwon et al 2014…”

Quality evaluation of Panax ginseng adventitious roots based on ginsenoside constituents, functional genes, and ferric‐reducing antioxidant power

“…Genotype, ginsenoside contents and phenotypes were different in different ginseng cultivars (Kwon et al, ; Lee, Park, Lee, Jayakodi, Kim, Koo, et al, ; Lee, Park, Lee, Jayakodi, Kim, Lee, et al, ; Sun et al, ). Tissue culture is a stress state for plants due to the lack of suitable nutrients for growth or high concentrations of growth regulators (e.g., auxin), and the differences among cultivars mainly represent the unique characteristics under a strictly controlled environment.…”

Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes and primary metabolite profiles of adventitious roots of five Panax ginseng cultivars

“…Different ginseng cultivars have different phenotypes [4], genetic polymorphisms [3], [5], [6], and ginsenoside contents [7], [8], [9]. Many previous studies have revealed genetic and metabolic diversities based on DNA polymorphisms and metabolite profiles.…”

“…Genetic diversity among cultivars has been revealed by simple sequence repeat [3], single nucleotide polymorphism [5], and sequence characterized amplified region marker [6] analyses based on DNA polymorphisms. The metabolic diversity of ginseng cultivars has been investigated via HPLC [7], Fourier transform infrared [8], and nuclear magnetic resonance [9] analyses. However, to date, only a few studies have been performed on the diversity of primary metabolites in ginseng cultivars [9].…”