Discrimination of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines using saccharide mapping—Enzymatic digestion followed by chromatographic analysis

Guan, Jin; Li, Shao‐Ping

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2009.09.026

Cited by 68 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Up to date, TLC [21-23], HPLC [11,24-28], GC [16,29-31], MEKC [32] have been developed for analysis of triterpenoids [11,21-24,26,27], polysaccharides [25,28-31] and nucleosides [32] in Ganoderma . However, few researches focus on the analysis of sterols or fatty acids in Ganoderma [15,16,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sterols and fatty acids in two species of Ganoderma

Zhao

Duan

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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BackgroundTwo species of Ganoderma, G. sinense and G. lucidum, are used as Lingzhi in China. Howerver, the content of triterpenoids and polysaccharides, main actives compounds, are significant different, though the extracts of both G. lucidum and G. sinense have antitumoral proliferation effect. It is suspected that other compounds contribute to their antitumoral activity. Sterols and fatty acids have obvious bioactivity. Therefore, determination and comparison of sterols and fatty acids is helpful to elucidate the active components of Lingzhi.ResultsErgosterol, a specific component of fungal cell membrane, was rich in G. lucidum and G. sinense. But its content in G. lucidum (median content 705.0 μg·g-1, range 189.1-1453.3 μg·g-1, n = 19) was much higher than that in G. sinense (median content 80.1 μg·g-1, range 16.0-409.8 μg·g-1, n = 13). Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the content of ergosterol showed that 32 tested samples of Ganoderma were grouped into two main clusters, G. lucidum and G. sinense. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the contents of ten fatty acids showed that two species of Ganoderma had no significant difference though two groups were also obtained. The similarity of two species of Ganoderma in fatty acids may be related to their antitumoral proliferation effect.ConclusionsThe content of ergosterol is much higher in G. lucidum than in G. sinense. Palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid are main fatty acids in Ganoderma and their content had no significant difference between G. lucidum and G. sinense, which may contribute to their antitumoral proliferation effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sterols and fatty acids in two species of Ganoderma

Zhao

Duan

et al. 2012

Chemistry Central Journal

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“…The further separation of macromolecules was carried out on an SEC column and the chromatographic conditions of the column were modified from Ref. 19. Micromolecules were usually separated on an RP column.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cordyceps by multi-column liquid chromatography

Qian

2017

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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Cordyceps is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used in China for hundreds of years. In the present study a multi-column liquid chromatography (MC-LC) system was developed for the qualitative analysis of macromolecules and micromolecules in Cordyceps. The MC-LC system includes a size exclusion pre-column, a size exclusion column (SEC) and a reversed phase column (RP) which were controlled by column-switching valves. The sample was separated by the size exclusion pre-column into two fractions (macromolecules and micromolecules). These fractions were further separated on SEC and RP columns, respectively. A diode array detector (DAD) and a mass spectrometer (MS) were used to detect the components. This MC-LC method was utilized for analysis of Cordyceps samples. Two macromolecular peaks and 15 micromolecular peaks were found in Cordyceps, and 11 of the micromolecular peaks were identified as adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP), phenylalanine, uridine, hypoxanthine, inosine, guanine, guanosine, deoxyadenosine-5′-monophosphate (dAMP), adenosine, adenine and cordycepin (or its isomer). This method is useful for quality control of Cordyceps.

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“…Pectinase (polygalacturonase, EC 3.2.1.15; Sigma) was used for enzymatic digestion of the polysaccharides from G. lucidum [21]. To investigate the role of the polysaccharides from MAK in the induction of GM-CSF, MAK (including polysaccharides, 25 μg/ml, 1 ml) were mixed with pectinase at final concentrations of 1, 2.5, 10, and 50 U/ml in 1.5ml Eppendorf tubes and digested overnight (12 h) under optimum conditions (buffer solution: 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.5, 40°C).…”

Section: Enzymatic Digestion Of Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used pectinase to examine which component of MAK induces GM-CSF. Pectinase is known to digest the polysaccharides that are the major component of MAK [21]. PMs were stimulated with MAK treated by pectinase.…”

Section: Preventive Effect Of Mak Was Negated By Pretreatment With Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides derived from Ganoderma lucidum fungus mycelia ameliorate indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury via induction of GM-CSF from macrophages

Nagai

Ueno

Tanaka

et al. 2017

Cellular Immunology

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs often cause ulcers in the human small intestine, but few effective agents exist to treat such injury. Ganoderma lucidum Karst, also known as "Reishi" or "Lingzhi", is a mushroom. We previously reported that a water-soluble extract from G. lucidum fungus mycelia (MAK) has anti-inflammatory effects in murine colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, and induction of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by MAK may provide anti-inflammatory effects. However, its effects on indomethacin-induced small intestinal injuries are unknown. The present study investigated the preventative effects of MAK via immunological function and the polysaccharides from MAK on indomethacin-induced ileitis in mice. Peritoneal macrophages (PMs) were stimulated in vitro with MAK and adoptively transferred to C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally, which were then given indomethacin. Intestinal inflammation was evaluated after 24h. We performed in vivo antibody blockade to investigate the preventive role of GM-CSF, which derived from PMs stimulated with MAK. We then used PMs stimulated with MAK pre-treated by pectinase in an adoptive transfer assay to determine the preventive role of polysaccharides. Indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury was inhibited by adoptive transfer of PMs stimulated in vitro with MAK. In this transfer model, pre-treatment with anti-GM-CSF antibody but not with control antibody reversed the improvement of small intestinal inflammation by indomethacin. Pectinase pretreatment impaired the anti-inflammatory effect of MAK. PMs stimulated by MAK appear to contribute to the anti-inflammatory response through GM-CSF in small intestinal injury induced by indomethacin. The polysaccharides may be the components that elicit the anti-inflammatory effect.

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Discrimination of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese medicines using saccharide mapping—Enzymatic digestion followed by chromatographic analysis

Cited by 68 publications

References 54 publications

Comparison of sterols and fatty acids in two species of Ganoderma

Comparison of sterols and fatty acids in two species of Ganoderma

Analysis of Cordyceps by multi-column liquid chromatography

Polysaccharides derived from Ganoderma lucidum fungus mycelia ameliorate indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury via induction of GM-CSF from macrophages

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