Discriminative fear conditioning to context expressed by multiple measures of fear in the rat

Antoniadis, Elena A.; McDonald, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(98)00056-4

Cited by 135 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Here we report a statistically reliable elevation in body temperature when rats are reexposed to a shock-paired context. Thus, our results are consistent with Antoniadis and McDonald (1999) and inconsistent with Antoniadis and McDonald (2000). Antoniadis andMcDonald (1999, 2000) designed their discriminative conditioning procedure such that it did not maximize differences between the shock-paired and no-shock contexts.…”

Section: Body Temperature As a Conditional Responsesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In a more recent report, this hypothesis was tested, but rats exhibited a significant elevation in body temperature in the no-shock context (Antoniadis and McDonald 2000). Here we report a statistically reliable elevation in body temperature when rats are reexposed to a shock-paired context.…”

Section: Body Temperature As a Conditional Responsementioning

confidence: 50%

“…In a recent study, Antoniadis and McDonald (1999) used chronic intraperitoneal temperature-monitoring devices during a fear conditioning experiment. These investigators reported a trend of elevated body temperature in the shock-paired context during …”

Section: Godsil Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…erated ambiguous results (Antoniadis andMcDonald 1999, 2000). We hypothesized that this response could also be detected in experiments that use footshock as the US.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Body Temperature as a Conditional Response Measure for Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Godsil¹,

Quinn²,

Fanselow³

2000

Learn. Mem.

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On six days rats were exposed to each of two contexts. They received an electric shock in one context and nothing in the other. Rats were tested later in each environment without shock. The rats froze and defecated more often in the shock-paired environment; they also exhibited a significantly larger elevation in rectal temperature in that environment. The rats discriminated between each context, and we suggest that the elevation in temperature is the consequence of associative learning. Thus, body temperature can be used as a conditional response measure in Pavlovian fear conditioning experiments that use footshock as the unconditional stimulus.Pavlovian fear conditioning is a model for the analysis of learning. In one version of this procedure a rat receives an aversive footshock while in a chamber. Later during a test, the rat is reexposed to the training environment, where it engages in behaviors that are characteristic of fear. The chamber, or context, serves as a conditional stimulus (CS). The context is originally a neutral stimulus, but elicits fear responses after it is paired with an unconditional stimulus (US), the footshock. Such responses to the CS are called conditional responses (CRs). These fear CRs occur specifically to the shock-paired context and not to other contexts that have not been paired with footshock. Fear CRs are used as measures of learning in Pavlovian experiments. To date, contextual fear has been assessed with several CRs such as defensive freezing, conditional analgesia, and conditional defecation. (Fanselow and Bolles 1979;Fanselow and Baackes 1982;Fanselow 1986).Defensive freezing is a behavior characterized by the absence of all movement except that required for breathing. In the wild, rodents often freeze when they encounter a predator. This behavior is an effective defensive strategy because many predators have difficulty detecting an immobile target, and movement can act as a releasing stimulus for predatory attacks (Fanselow and Lester 1988). In the laboratory, freezing is prevalent when rodents are presented with a context that has been paired with footshock (Fanselow and Bolles 1979). Freezing provides a behavioral index of learning that is amenable to parametric analysis, and it can be assessed in freely moving animals without the administration of extraneous test stimuli that may affect behavior directly (e.g., startle stimuli, painful stimuli). For these reasons, freezing has become a popular measure of fear.Certainly, however, fear is characterized by behaviors other than freezing. For example, the rat becomes less sensitive to pain when it faces fear-provoking situations (e.g., Fanselow and Baackes 1982). Similarly, a rat will show an enhanced startle reflex in the presence of fear CSs (Davis 1986). Although useful, these measures of fear share a disadvantage: both require the administration of a strong stimulus to produce a baseline of behavior for fear to be detected. Conditional analgesia requires a painful stimulus such as a formalin injection to generate baseli...

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Section: Body Temperature As a Conditional Responsesupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Body Temperature As a Conditional Responsementioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Godsil Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…erated ambiguous results (Antoniadis andMcDonald 1999, 2000). We hypothesized that this response could also be detected in experiments that use footshock as the US.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Body Temperature as a Conditional Response Measure for Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Godsil¹,

Quinn²,

Fanselow³

2000

Learn. Mem.

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show abstract

“…Classical conditioning is a widely studied learning task, which is well characterized using multiple levels of analysis in a broad range of species (e.g. [Antoniadis and McDonald, 1999], [Antoniadis and McDonald, 2000], [Brandon et al, 2003], [Carew et al, 1981a], [Carew et al, 1981b], [Ellison and Konorski, 1964], [Knowlton and Thompson, 1992], [Lennartz and Weinberger, 1992], [Phillips and LeDoux, 1992], [Rescorla, 1988], [Rescorla, 2007], [Solomon et al, 1986], [Sutherland and McDonald, 1990], [Tait and Saladin, 1986], [Wagner, 1981], [Quirk et al, 1997], [Walters et al, 1979] and ). In classical conditioning, following the pairing of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with an unconditioned stimulus (US), the CS alone comes to elicit the response that is typically associated with the US.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning related activation of somatosensory cortex by an auditory stimulus recorded with magnetoencephalography

et al. 2010

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Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired on place learning in the water task when overtrained under constrained conditions

McDonald

Hong

2000

Hippocampus

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To date, numerous investigations have been conducted on the mammalian hippocampus to determine its precise function. This research has implicated a fundamental role for the hippocampus in the formation of a spatial map that an animal can use to appropriately guide behavior in complex relational tasks. Despite substantial evidence to support this view, there have been challenges to this theory of hippocampal function. One alternative view suggests that the hippocampus is involved with the integration and updating of voluntary movement. Therefore, any impairments expressed by rats with hippocampal damage are not due to the inability to form or use a spatial map, but rather arise because they are unable to accurately control and monitor on‐line movement. Accordingly, investigators, supporting the latter, claim that animals with hippocampal lesions are able to solve a spatial version of the water task if they are given explicit training on how to get to the hidden platform. In the present study we trained rodents with or without hippocampal damage on a cue/place water task for 40 days. In using behaviorally constraining procedures and by overtraining these animals, we provided them with knowledge of how to get to the hidden platform, and ensured enough time to learn the task. Our findings revealed that although rats with hippocampal lesions showed some place responses, they were significantly impaired on all measures of place learning compared to sham animals under these intensive procedures. Overall, the results of the present study do not support the idea that the hippocampus is not specifically involved in acquisition of place information in the water task. Hippocampus 2:153–161, 2000 © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Discriminative fear conditioning to context expressed by multiple measures of fear in the rat

Cited by 135 publications

References 53 publications

Body Temperature as a Conditional Response Measure for Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Body Temperature as a Conditional Response Measure for Pavlovian Fear Conditioning

Learning related activation of somatosensory cortex by an auditory stimulus recorded with magnetoencephalography

Rats with hippocampal damage are impaired on place learning in the water task when overtrained under constrained conditions

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