Discriminative Phytoalexin Accumulation in<i>Lotus japonicus</i>against Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Microorganisms and Related Chemical Signals

Masai, Motomu; Arakawa, Motoki; Iwaya, Koichi; Aoki, Takeshi; Nakagawa, Tomomi; Ayabe, Shin-ichi; Uchiyama, Hiroshi

doi:10.1271/bbb.130209

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, they appeared to methylate vestitol at the positions 7 and/or 4’; any clear evidence of methylation at 2’ position of vestitol is still lacking [ 83 ]. Vestitol is a predominant isoflavonoid produced in L. japonicus , present in very small amount in unstressed conditions, but increases significantly at biotic [ 84 , 85 ] or abiotic stresses [ 62 ] or after treatment with 10 mM glutathione [ 78 , 86 ]. To a lesser extent, sativan also accumulates in such conditions.…”

Section: Flavonoid and Isoflavonoid Biosynthetic Pathways In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids Biosynthesis in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus; Connections to Nitrogen Metabolism and Photorespiration

García‐Calderón

Pérez-Delgado

Paľove-Balang

et al. 2020

Plants

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Phenylpropanoid metabolism represents an important metabolic pathway from which originates a wide number of secondary metabolites derived from phenylalanine or tyrosine, such as flavonoids and isoflavonoids, crucial molecules in plants implicated in a large number of biological processes. Therefore, various types of interconnection exist between different aspects of nitrogen metabolism and the biosynthesis of these compounds. For legumes, flavonoids and isoflavonoids are postulated to play pivotal roles in adaptation to their biological environments, both as defensive compounds (phytoalexins) and as chemical signals in symbiotic nitrogen fixation with rhizobia. In this paper, we summarize the recent progress made in the characterization of flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathways in the model legume Lotus japonicus (Regel) Larsen under different abiotic stress situations, such as drought, the impairment of photorespiration and UV-B irradiation. Emphasis is placed on results obtained using photorespiratory mutants deficient in glutamine synthetase. The results provide different types of evidence showing that an enhancement of isoflavonoid compared to standard flavonol metabolism frequently occurs in Lotus under abiotic stress conditions. The advance produced in the analysis of isoflavonoid regulatory proteins by the use of co-expression networks, particularly MYB transcription factors, is also described. The results obtained in Lotus japonicus plants can be also extrapolated to other cultivated legume species, such as soybean, of extraordinary agronomic importance with a high impact in feeding, oil production and human health.

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Section: Flavonoid and Isoflavonoid Biosynthetic Pathways In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids Biosynthesis in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus; Connections to Nitrogen Metabolism and Photorespiration

García‐Calderón

Pérez-Delgado

Paľove-Balang

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Akashi et al noted that L. japonicus forms only the (−)-enantiomers of pterocarpans like medicarpin and isoflavans such as vestitol and sativan . In combination with the findings of García-Calderón et al, Shimada et al, and Masai et al, this indicates a strong involvement of isoflavonoid biosynthesis induction in various stress responses in L. japonicus .…”

Section: Primary and Secondary Metabolites In Lotus Japonicusmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Masai et al showed that vestitol is formed in minor amounts in L. japonicus (Gifu B-129) seedlings in response to inoculation with symbiotic rhizobium strains like Mesorhizobium loti. 62 The seedlings were suspended in water containing the microbes, and vestitol was extracted from the medium by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with methanol and analyzed by HPLC-UV. Comparison with methanolic extract of the whole seedling showed that almost all vestitol was exuded into the medium.…”

Section: Primary and Secondary Metabolites In Lotus Japonicusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus

Ranner,

Schalk,

Martyniak

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Lotus japonicus is a leguminous model plant used to gain insight into plant physiology, stress response, and especially symbiotic plant–microbe interactions, such as root nodule symbiosis or arbuscular mycorrhiza. Responses to changing environmental conditions, stress, microbes, or insect pests are generally accompanied by changes in primary and secondary metabolism to account for physiological needs or to produce defensive or signaling compounds. Here we provide an overview of the primary and secondary metabolites identified in L. japonicus to date. Identification of the metabolites is mainly based on mass spectral tags (MSTs) obtained by gas chromatography linked with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) or liquid chromatography–MS/MS (LC–MS/MS). These MSTs contain retention index and mass spectral information, which are compared to databases with MSTs of authentic standards. More than 600 metabolites are grouped into compound classes such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, organic acids and phosphates, lipids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, phytohormones, and additional defense compounds. Their physiological effects are briefly discussed, and the detection methods are explained. This review of the exisiting literature on L. japonicus metabolites provides a valuable basis for future metabolomics studies.

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“…Although it is speculative at this point to suggest potential substrates in L . japonicus based on the results in Arabidopsis, possible target for further investigation would be flavonoid phytoalexin such as medicarpin and vestitol [ 52 ], because LjABCG1 is highly expressed in nodule parenchyma, where a set of genes for flavonoid biosynthesis highly expressed [ 19 ]. Further studies using pathogens against L .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of LjABCG1, an ATP-Binding Cassette Protein in Lotus japonicus

et al. 2015

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LjABCG1, a full-size ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette proteins of a model legume, Lotus japonicus, was reported as a gene highly expressed during the early stages of nodulation, but have not been characterized in detail. In this study we showed that the induction of LjABCG1 expression was remarkable by methyl jasmonate treatment, and reporter gene experiments indicated that LjABCG1 was strongly expressed in the nodule parenchyma and cell layers adjacent to the root vascular tissue toward the nodule. LjABCG1 was suggested to be localized at the plasma membrane based on the fractionation of microsomal membranes as well as separation via aqueous two-phase partitioning. The physiological functions of LjABCG1 in symbiosis and pathogenesis were analyzed in homologous and heterologous systems. LjABCG1 knock-down L. japonicus plants did not show clear phenotypic differences in nodule formation, and not in defense against Pseudomonas syringae, either. In contrast, when LjABCG1 was expressed in the Arabidopsis pdr8-1 mutant, the penetration frequency of Phytophthora infestans, a potato late blight pathogen, was significantly reduced in LjABCG1/pdr8-1 than in pdr8-1 plants. This finding indicated that LjABCG1, at least partially, complemented the phenotype of pdr8 in Arabidopsis, suggesting the multiple roles of this protein in plant-microbe interactions.

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Discriminative Phytoalexin Accumulation inLotus japonicusagainst Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Microorganisms and Related Chemical Signals

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids Biosynthesis in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus; Connections to Nitrogen Metabolism and Photorespiration

Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids Biosynthesis in the Model Legume Lotus japonicus; Connections to Nitrogen Metabolism and Photorespiration

Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Lotus japonicus

Molecular Characterization of LjABCG1, an ATP-Binding Cassette Protein in Lotus japonicus

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