Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Triazolam in Women and Men

Vansickel, Andrea R.; Hays, Lon R.; Rush, Craig R.

doi:10.1080/00952990500479266

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The present data also correspond well with results from another retrospective analysis of data collected from drug discrimination studies conducted in our laboratory in which 13 (6 women, 7 men) participants were trained to discriminate 0.375 mg triazolam (Vansickel et al, 2006). Despite epidemiological data suggesting that women are more likely to abuse and become dependent on benzodiazepines, no gender differences were found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Similar discriminative-stimulus effects of d-amphetamine in women and men

Vansickel

Lile

Stoops

et al. 2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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The results of controlled non-human animal and human laboratory studies are mixed regarding whether women and men respond differently to stimulant drugs. In order to assess potential gender differences in the effects of d-amphetamine, we conducted a retrospective-analysis of six studies conducted in our laboratory that used identical procedures and measures. Thirteen women and fourteen men learned to discriminate 15 mg oral d-amphetamine. After acquiring the discrimination (i.e., =80% correct responding on 4 consecutive sessions), the effects of a range of doses of damphetamine (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg) alone and in combination with other drugs, were assessed. Only data from sessions in which d-amphetamine was administered alone were included in this analysis. d-Amphetamine functioned as a discriminative-stimulus and dose-dependently increased drug-appropriate responding. Women and men did not differ in their ability to discriminate damphetamine. Women and men differed on participant-ratings of high (women < men), nausea (women > men) and sluggish (women < men), women also experienced greater increases in diastolic pressure than men. Because the results of this study may have been confounded by the training procedures, future research should use other behavioral arrangements (e.g. drug self-administration) to determine if women and men respond differently to the effects of d-amphetamine.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Similar discriminative-stimulus effects of d-amphetamine in women and men

Vansickel

Lile

Stoops

et al. 2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Consistent with these results, two previous retrospective analyses using drug discrimination data did not find sex differences in the discriminative-stimulus effects of triazolam (Vansickel et al, 2006) or d -amphetamine (Vansickel et al, 2007). As described above, in drug discrimination studies subjects must acquire the discrimination before continuing to a test phase in which full dose-response curves are determined.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Sex differences in the subjective effects of oral Δ9-THC in cannabis users

Fogel

Kelly²,

Westgate

et al. 2017

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Previous studies suggest that there are sex differences in endocannabinoid function and the response to exogenous cannabinoids, though data from clinical studies comparing acute cannabinoid effects in men and women under controlled laboratory conditions are limited. To further explore these potential differences, data from 30 cannabis users (N=18 M, 12 F) who completed previous Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) discrimination studies were combined for this retrospective analysis. In each study, subjects learned to discriminate between oral Δ9-THC and placebo and then received a range of Δ9-THC doses (0, 5, 15 and a “high” dose of either 25 or 30 mg). Responses on a drug-discrimination task, subjective effects questionnaire, psychomotor performance tasks, and physiological measures were assessed. Δ9-THC dose-dependently increased drug-appropriate responding, ratings on “positive” visual analog scale (VAS) items (e.g., Good Effects, Like Drug, Take Again), and items related to intoxication (e.g., High, Stoned). Δ9-THC also dose-dependently impaired performance on psychomotor tasks and elevated heart rate. Sex differences on VAS items emerged as a function of dose. Women exhibited significantly greater subjective responses to oral drug administration than men at the 5 mg Δ9-THC dose, whereas men were more sensitive to the subjective effects of the 15 mg dose of Δ9-THC than women. These results demonstrate dose-dependent separation in the subjective response to oral Δ9-THC administration by sex, which might contribute to the differential development of problematic cannabis use.

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“…During screening, these were administered on each of four visits for practice and to establish baseline responding. They included a symbol test and a math task (both described in Vansickel et al, 2006), a modified repeated acquisition task (see Rush and Griffiths, 1996), and the digit-symbol substitution task (DSST; McLeod et al, 1982). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomoxetine does not alter cocaine use in cocaine dependent individuals: A double blind randomized trial

Walsh

Middleton

Wong

et al. 2013

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Cocaine abuse continues to be a significant public health problem associated with morbidity and mortality. To date, no pharmacotherapeutic approach has proven effective for treating cocaine use disorders. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that noradrenergic activity may play a role in mediating some effects of cocaine and may be a rational target for treatment. Methods This double blind, placebo-controlled randomized, parallel group, 12-week outpatient clinical trial enrolled cocaine dependent individuals seeking treatment to examine the potential efficacy of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine (80 mg/day; p.o.; n=25), compared to placebo (n=25). Subjects were initially stratified on cocaine use (<15 days or ≥15 days of the last 30), age and race using urn randomization. Attendance, medication adherence and study compliance were reinforced with contingency management, and weekly counseling was offered. An array of measures (vital signs, laboratory chemistries, cognitive and psychomotor tests, cocaine craving and urine samples for drug testing) was collected throughout the study and at follow-up. Results Survival analysis revealed no differences in study retention between the two groups, with approximately 56% of subjects completing the 12-week study (Cox analysis X2=.72; p=.40; Hazard Ratio 1.48 [CI 0.62–3.39]). GEE analysis of the proportion of urine samples positive for benzoylecgonine, a cocaine metabolite, revealed no differences between the atomoxetine and placebo groups (X2=0.2, p=.66; OR=0.89 [95% CI 0.41 – 1.74). Atomoxetine was generally well tolerated in this population. Conclusions These data provide no support for the utility of atomoxetine in the treatment of cocaine dependence.

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Discriminative-Stimulus Effects of Triazolam in Women and Men

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Similar discriminative-stimulus effects of d-amphetamine in women and men

Similar discriminative-stimulus effects of d-amphetamine in women and men

Sex differences in the subjective effects of oral Δ9-THC in cannabis users

Atomoxetine does not alter cocaine use in cocaine dependent individuals: A double blind randomized trial

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