“…The results reported prior to 1971 (Bingham, 1968;Bingham and Cronin, 1968, Bingham, Cronin, Cronin, and Paulk, 1970& 1971 have indicated: (1) that a preferential treatment of educationally disadvantaged junior high school students in success-oriented science classes does improve their attitudes toward school personnel and toward the school; (2) that without a hospitable classroom environment as provided in the DISCUS project, the students' attitudes toward themselves, school personnel, and toward the school deteriorates; the students "drop-out" of school until they can legally drop-out;…”