Discussing porosity loss of Fe0 packed water filters at ground level

Testing Metallic Iron Filtration Systems for Decentralized Water Treatment at Pilot Scale

“…This clarification coupled to the consideration of the formation of voluminous Fe 0 corrosion products is the theoretical starting point for the design of next generation Fe 0 filters [16,17,25,98,100,[120][121][122][123]. No consideration of these key issues has led to controversial reports which render the assessment of progress in designing Fe [8,9,54,58,[88][89][90][124][125][126].…”

“…A methodology to compare the intrinsic reactivity of Fe 0 materials was introduced [133], and was recently revisited [132,134], however it is yet to receive universal acceptance. On the other hand, a universal design rationale for the design of Fe 0 filters was presented by Noubactep and Caré [130,131] and progressively revisited [25,98,[121][122][123].…”

“…This empirical approach is certainly costly but not necessarily effective [121][122][123]. An alternative approach is to develop the science of the system, which will serve as compass to evaluate experimental results [25,130,131].…”

“…The presentation herein is limited to granular mm-and μm-scale particles (d > 215 μm) [25,98]. Furthermore, the suitability of micron scale Fe 0 particles arises from the evidence that resulting system (Fe 0 filters) must be efficient in the long term, with sub-micron scale particles becoming exhausted over relatively short timescales [25,71,72,99,100].…”

“…Accordingly, there remains a need for the development of alternative and/or complimentary technologies for water treatment. Gravity filtration using Fe 0 has been discussed in the literature as a potential candidate technology due to the ability of Fe 0 to remove microorganisms, degrade organic contaminants and also immobilize metal and metalloid species [14,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”