Discussing the Concept of Crisis in Cultural-historical Activity Research: a Dialectical Perspective

Abstract

The concept of crisis has a long history across disciplines (medicine, history, political economy, political science, sociology, psychology, history, philosophy of science, etc.). This concept has been used in a variety of different ways. Vygotsky employed the concept of crisis in a critique of psychology as a ‘problematic discipline’. Additionally, Vygotsky used the concept of crisis to refer to the specific mechanisms related to psychological development. More generally, the concept of crisis is crucial for the conceptualisation of the process of development of Vygotsky’s project. From a dialectical perspective, a crisis is a critical moment of a dynamic, contradictory, developmental process. The elaboration of the concept of crisis as a part of a broader, dialectical vision of society in the long-term process of its historical development can become a moment of regenerating cultural-historical activity research.

Концептуальне Обґрунтування Понять «життєва Криза» Та «кризові Ситуації» У Соціально-Психологічних Дослідженнях

“…У зв'язку з переважанням емоцій на початковому етапі кризової ситуації раціональні можливості психіки не можуть цілком розкритися. Із часом, коли емоційне напруження послаблюється, людина стає більш здатною до раціонального мислення й об'єктивного аналізу ситуації [15].…”

Educar en las emociones en tiempos de crisis

“…No hemos superado una cuando ya empieza otra. Esta realidad ha sido estudiada desde diversas disciplinas, donde diferentes enfoques teóricos intentan definir este concepto, su desarrollo y su impacto en diversos ámbitos de la sociedad y las organizaciones (Boin et al, 2018;Culebro y Romo, 2023;Dafermos, 2022). Devlin (2007) define la crisis como un tiempo inestable que producen resultados indeseables que pueden causar daños irreparables y que, en todos los casos, requiere tomar decisiones vitales.…”

“…(Salazar et al, 2007). Hay muchos tipos de crisis: medioambiental, salud pública, socioeconómica, política, psicológica, educativa, personales, de pareja (separación, divorcio), familiares, profesionales, etc., y tienen efectos diversos en las personas y en los contextos (Dafermos, 2022).…”

Crisis communication: Theoretical perspectives and dynamics of a complex concept

“…In economic theory, crises are defined in terms of inflation, unemployment, recession, for example (Rosier, 2001;Carvalho, 2021); in the field of political science, they can be attributed to errors in political leadership, the lack of ability to solve problems during governance (Habermas, 1976); for sociologists, crises translate social inequalities, disrespect for authority, or the decline of the family, for example. Psychologists consider that a crisis presupposes a rupture of the individual's identity due to different causes, while historians may see it as the result of too rapid technological advances, or the fragmentation of social life (Dafermos, 2022).…”