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Papers published in QJEGH illustrate advances in the monitoring and measurement of groundwater systems over the last 50 years. The emphasis of QJEGH over the years has tended to be towards practice in hydrogeology in the UK, rather than theory, and therefore we refer also to some seminal work published elsewhere. The range of measurements and monitoring reviewed includes from laboratory to regional scale, physical measurement of groundwater flow and transport within groundwater, geophysical, chemical and thermal properties, and applies both to resources and pollution. Several themes can be recognized: groundwater resource development (especially in the early days), groundwater quality protection, initially focused on landfill but now including industrial and diffuse pollution, groundwater management integrated into wider environmental management since the European Water Framework Directive in 2000, and latterly novel uses of groundwater, in part driven by a desire for ‘clean’ energy. We conclude by looking at future drivers and technologies to consider how the practice of monitoring and measurement of groundwater systems may evolve in coming years and some of the challenges that we will need to overcome.
Papers published in QJEGH illustrate advances in the monitoring and measurement of groundwater systems over the last 50 years. The emphasis of QJEGH over the years has tended to be towards practice in hydrogeology in the UK, rather than theory, and therefore we refer also to some seminal work published elsewhere. The range of measurements and monitoring reviewed includes from laboratory to regional scale, physical measurement of groundwater flow and transport within groundwater, geophysical, chemical and thermal properties, and applies both to resources and pollution. Several themes can be recognized: groundwater resource development (especially in the early days), groundwater quality protection, initially focused on landfill but now including industrial and diffuse pollution, groundwater management integrated into wider environmental management since the European Water Framework Directive in 2000, and latterly novel uses of groundwater, in part driven by a desire for ‘clean’ energy. We conclude by looking at future drivers and technologies to consider how the practice of monitoring and measurement of groundwater systems may evolve in coming years and some of the challenges that we will need to overcome.
This paper reviews the geophysics contributions of the QJEGH (and forerunner QJEG) over the last 50 years in support of engineering geology, hydrogeology and ground engineering. It includes a brief history of some world and national influences on the ascent of geophysics over this time. The fundamental objectives behind geophysical surveying and monitoring are recapped before presenting contributions, across a range of geophysical methods, within a framework of applications, originally devised by the Geological Society Engineering Group Working Party for Engineering Geophysics in 1988. Three quarters of the papers reviewed focused on UK geology. Seismic, electrical resistivity and thermal methods accounted for 60% of the contributions, with magnetic, gravity and seismicity accounting for a further 24%. Some contributions are highlighted in each of the applications sections; these were considered exemplars of good practice, of good data, or considered by the reviewer to be innovative (at the time). Tables classifying around 140 papers into geophysical themes will enable practitioners to utilise the Geological Society Online Lyell Collection to review appropriate geological and hydrogeological contexts for successful engineering geophysical applications in support of future engineering. 1. Review Structure The Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology (QJEG) was established to support the Engineering Group of the Geological Society, with its first publication in 1967. In 2000, the name of the Journal was changed to the Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology (QJEGH), providing more explicit recognition of the significance of hydrogeology to ground engineering. This paper forms part of a series celebrating the journal's contribution across a range of relevant subject areas during its first 50 years of publication. The series commenced with an overview paper that set out the origins, history and status of the journal (Winter & Bromhead, 2016) before taking a very brief look at the future. Covered here are the geophysical contributions made by the journal from 1967 to 2015, which can be used in conjunction with other papers dealing with connected topics, such as the reviews on: terrain evaluation, mapping and geological models by Griffiths (2017), aggregates and earthworks and geomaterials by Cassar & Standing (2017). Ascent of Geophysics over the last Half-Century Much of today's geophysics practice, has in part, been shaped by significant global events during the period covered by this review. Many geophysical techniques ascended to address the survey and monitoring demands in support of UK and overseas development. In the 1960s, during the Decade of Development, the Dept. of Technical Cooperation supported much exploration geophysical activity to assist the economic development in Kenya, Uganda and Nigeria after their independence from colonial rule. Regional mapping and exploration over depositional basins, fold belts, intrusions and faulted structures also aided surveys for coal and hydrocarbons,...
Over the last 10 years there has been a unique regulator-led programme involving extensive development of regional groundwater models across England and Wales for water resources purposes by the Environment Agency for England and Wales. Eight regionally managed programmes are underpinned by a framework, which has allowed a coordinated national approach. The main uses of the models are for catchment abstraction management and licensing. Models have also assisted in monitoring network design, investigating groundwater quality and implementing groundwater source protection zones. A five-yearly review of the programmes recognized the importance of benefit realization and stakeholder involvement as well as technical good practice. The programme already delivered provides a solid foundation for supporting the management decisions required in areas such as climate change mitigation and integrated catchment management using appropriate tools at a time of rapid organization change and financial uncertainty.
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