The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is a federal agency working in the public interest. Published information from the DOE CALiPER program, including test reports, technical information, and summaries, is intended solely for the benefit of the public, in order to help buyers, specifiers of new products, testing laboratories, energy experts, energy program managers, regulators, and others make informed choices and decisions about germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) disinfection products and related technologies.Such information may not be used in advertising, to promote a company's product or service, or to characterize a competitor's product or service. This policy precludes any commercial use of any DOE CALiPER Program published information in any form without DOE's express written permission.i
PrefaceThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Lighting R&D program launched the CALiPER program 1 in 2006 to address a need for unbiased, trusted performance information for solid-state lighting (SSL) products that were beginning to enter the general illumination market. At the time, LED-based lighting products were often poor performers in terms of light quantity, color quality, appearance, flicker, glare, and reliability, with marketing claims significantly overstating actual performance. Further, LED-specific metrics and industry-standard test methods had not yet been developed. 2 CALiPER began evaluating LED products using modified and indevelopment test methods, comparing performance to the LED products' own claims as well as to benchmark (incandescent, fluorescent, and high-intensity discharge) products. The published results helped to encourage high-quality products and discourage inflated performance claims, while educating product developers, specifiers, and buyers on how to evaluate product performance. Early CALiPER testing also contributed fundamentally to the development of industry-standard photometric test methods specifically for SSL and the associated accreditation of testing laboratories. CALiPER testing was most active from 2007 to 2014, ramping down with maturation of LED technology and the market.The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a similar environment for germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) products, where unsubstantiated performance claims proliferate, new technologies and test methods are in development, and the capabilities and capacity of commercial test laboratories are limited. Motivated by the national imperative to improve resilience to future pandemics while using energy resources as efficiently as possible, DOE has reactivated the CALiPER program to test, evaluate, and report the performance and photobiological safety of GUV disinfection products used to treat air and surfaces in occupiable spaces. The predominant GUV technology in such applications is the phosphorless low-pressure mercury (LPM) lamp, which has been used in health and institutional settings for many decades. Emerging alternatives include products incorporating UVemitting LEDs or krypton-chloride based excimer lamps. 3 CALiPER GUV product t...