“…In times of crisis, citizen participation is considered an integral part of society's ability to overcome various dangers and disasters (Lee, 2017;Sitko & Massella, 2019;Tsai et al, 2021). Consequently, the need for this participation has been explored during various crises, including natural disasters (Rood, 2012;Van Krieken, Kulatunga, & Pathirage, 2017), as well as pandemic times such as the Ebola outbreak (Dewulf et al, 2020;Parker et al, 2019;IFRCRCS, 2017).…”