Discussion. Structural Accidents and Their Causes.

Sibly, Pg; Varley, Wr; Heyman, J; Hooker, Av; Bulson, P. S.; Walker, Ac; Sutherland, Rjm; Croll, James; Yeomans, Di; Berridge, Pas; Blockley, David; Hancock,; Platt, Wj

doi:10.1680/iicep.1978.2763

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Following a period of successful construction a designer, perhaps a little complacent, simply extended the design method once too often. (, p. 206)…”

Section: Trust In Professionals?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance‐based design, expertise asymmetry, and professionalism: Fire safety regulation in the neoliberal era

Spinardi

2019

Regulation & Governance

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Fire safety has traditionally been regulated by prescriptive rules that stipulate requirements according to the type and size of a building, with the regulator's job being to check that these rules have been followed. However, many jurisdictions now allow performance-based design regulation in which approval depends on the regulator assessing the prospective performance of a bespoke fire safety design for a particular project. Regulators thus need to be able to adjudicate on the knowledge claims put forward by fire safety engineers, but most regulators lack the knowledge to interrogate claims that are often the product of complex mathematical modeling across a range of disciplines. This expertise asymmetry poses a challenge for the effective regulation of fire safety designs, and the relative immaturity of fire safety engineering as a profession needs to be addressed before it would be wise to rely on professional competence and ethics alone to ensure safety. distances to exits, enclosed stairways, sprinklers, etc.), the new approach instead requires engineers to demonstrate performance outcomes for a project, and is thus typically referred to as Performance-Based Design (PBD). Regulatory approval is based on scrutiny of the design plans; in the case of prescriptive regulation, the regulator can check that all features necessary for that type of building have been appropriately incorporated, but in the case of PBD the regulator must be able to understand the knowledge claims made by the designer in order to judge whether their design provides adequate fire safety.Supporters of PBD fire engineering argue that it enables rational analysis to replace adherence to outdated and sometimes illogical rules that constrain innovation and add unnecessary costs. However, PBD has also been critiqued by those who see it as part of a neoliberal move toward deregulation. In particular, there is concern that PBD shifts governance of risk from the public to the private sphere if decisions about acceptable levels of safety become a matter of engineers' design choices rather than being societally mandated in requirements set by government (Brannigan 1999).The issue addressed here is a specific aspect of this critique, and centers on the challenge of expertise asymmetry posed by PBD regulation. The argument is that expertise asymmetry occurs when regulators have less relevant expertise than those they regulate, and that this may impair the effectiveness of regulation (Spinardi 2016). In the case of fire safety, the shift from prescriptive regulation to PBD raises concerns over the extent to which those who approve building designs have sufficient expertise to provide competent oversight of the proposed solutions.

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“…Following a period of successful construction a designer, perhaps a little complacent, simply extended the design method once too often. (, p. 206)…”

Section: Trust In Professionals?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Performance‐based design, expertise asymmetry, and professionalism: Fire safety regulation in the neoliberal era

Spinardi

2019

Regulation & Governance

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“…The reliability of a structure is the ability of the structure to fulfill the purpose for which it was designed at some specific period of time [11]. According to Ditlevsen [12], the presence of uncertainties in both the structural resistance and loads is the reason why engineered structures exhibit some level of uncertainty under service loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability Assessment of a Fully Laterally Restrained Steel Floor Beam to Eurocode 3

Sule¹,

Okere²,

Awodiji³

2022

WJET

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Parametric uncertainties should always be considered when setting design criteria in order to ensure safe and cost effective design of engineered structures. This paper presents the results of the reliability assessment of a fully laterally restrained steel floor I-beam to Eurocode 3 design rules. The failure modes considered are bending, shear and deflection. These were solved to obtain reliability indices using first order reliability method coded in MATLAB environment. Parametric sensitivity analyses were carried out at varying values of the design parameters to show their relative contributions to the safety of the beam. It was seen that reliability indices generally decreased with an increase in load ratio, imposed load, beam span in bending, shear stress and deflection respectively. In addition, increasing the beam span beyond 10 m, load ratio above 1.4 and imposed load beyond 30 kN/m made the beam fail as these parameters gave negative reliability indices. For failure in deflection, reliability index rose with an increase in the radius of gyration and overall depth of the beam section accordingly. Furthermore, the reliability index surged as the thickness of the web increased when taking into account, shear failure. The results of the analysis showed that the steel beam is very safe in shear and at some load ratios and imposed loads for failure in bending and deflection respectively. The average values of reliability indices obtained for load ratios ranging from 1.0 to 1.4 fell from 3.017 to 3.457 for all failure mode studied. These values are within the recommended reliability indices by the Joint Committee on Structural Safety for structure with moderate failure consequences and beams in flexure.

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“…Throughout history, numerous accidents and collapses of structures have occurred due to buckling of steel structural elements, which resulted in loss of human lives and high material costs. Several bridge accidents, such as Dee Bridge, 1847, Tay Bridge, 1879, Quebec Bridge, 1907, and Tacoma Bridge, 1940, stimulated a considerable amount of research into the buckling behavior of steel members [1]. Augenti and Parisi [2] discussed the collapse of a long-span steel roof structure which fell down suddenly during construction as a result of an out-of-plane buckling phenomenon induced by wind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Issues in Buckling of Steel Structures by Improving Accuracy of Historical Methods

Pomares

Pereiro‐Barceló

González

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Buckling of structural elements is a phenomenon that has great consequences on the bearing capacity of structures. Historically, there have been serious buckling-related structural accidents that have resulted in loss of human lives and high material costs. In this article, an attempt is made to perform a historical analysis of the diverse models that experts have been using in designing and calculating compression buckling of simple metallic elements in the last 275 years. The analysis covers the lapse from the mid-18th century, in which the pioneers in this classic field of structural design are located, up to the present, highlighting the main standards that have been applied to steel structural analysis in the past and at present all over the world. What the study tries to provide is an overall view and a sense of continuity of the methods used for improving structural safety regarding buckling failures in the last three centuries. Each analyzed buckling model is compared with the results of a numerical finite element model of compressed steel columns. Finally, the conclusion reached is that in the last one hundred years, the convergence of solutions proposed in the field is gradually greater and more accurate.

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Discussion. Structural Accidents and Their Causes.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Performance‐based design, expertise asymmetry, and professionalism: Fire safety regulation in the neoliberal era

Performance‐based design, expertise asymmetry, and professionalism: Fire safety regulation in the neoliberal era

Reliability Assessment of a Fully Laterally Restrained Steel Floor Beam to Eurocode 3

Safety Issues in Buckling of Steel Structures by Improving Accuracy of Historical Methods

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