Disease Control in Korean Aquaculture

Abstract

-As the mariculture technique had been developed, annual production of shallow water cultures exceeded that of adjacent water fisheries in recent years in Korea. For reducing production losses from infectious diseases in fish aquaculture, various strategies were employed including treatment of effective chemotherapeutics, development of herbal immunostimulants and vaccination, etc. For the treatment of bacterial diseases, 27 antibacterial agents have been used under government license. Frequent use of these drugs was accompanied with occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria. Recently, new bacterial diseases have occurred in cultured fishes. As the studying on the control activities of medicinal herbs to bacterial growth, the wormwood Artemisia asiatica, the Galla rhois Rhus javanica and the veiled lady mushroom Dictyophora indusiata were revealed high antibacterial activities to the Gram-positive and negative bacteria. For the enhancement of nonspecific immune response in mariculture fish, medicinal herbs and other several materials were investigated as immunostimulants. Olive flounders Paralichthys olivaceus fed on the diet supplemented with 0.1% extract mixture of the wormwood and the barrenwort Epimedium koreanum showed higher relative percent survival (RPS), when they were challenged with bacterial pathogens. To prevent various infectious diseases, two vaccines were developed and commercially available including vaccines on Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae.

Cloning and characterization of ADP-ribosylation factor 1b from the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

“…The farming of juvenile olive flounder, however, has caused a lot of problems due to the occurrence of various diseases (Ototake and Matsusato 1986;Park 2009). The juvenile flounder is difficult to manage and is weak against diseases, and the mortality rates have been economically damaging (Jee et al 2001).…”

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“…It produces septicemia with extensive skin lesions and affects internal organs which results in extensive mortalities (Plumb, 1999). In Korea, 27 antibacterial substances including 23 antibiotics and 4 sulfa drugs are used for treatment of fish disease (Park, 2009). The potential hazards of using antibiotics in aquaculture are development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, antibiotic residuals in fish products, contamination of surrounding ecological systems and reduced efficiency of antibiotics against the diseases caused by resistant pathogens (McPhearson et al, 1991;Hernández Serrano, 2005).…”

Monogeneans (Platyhelminthes) from marine fishes of Tongyeong, Korea

“…They cause serious problems in fish aquaculture worldwide (Rhode 1984;Hayward et al 2001;Park 2009). Aquaculture in Korea is flourishing with the development of advanced aquaculture scientific technology for important marine finfish such as, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846), Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880, red seabream Pagrus major (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843), blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854), and flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Kim 2000).…”

“…Aquaculture in Korea is flourishing with the development of advanced aquaculture scientific technology for important marine finfish such as, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel, 1846), Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880, red seabream Pagrus major (Temminck and Schlegel, 1843), blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854), and flathead grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 (Kim 2000). However, in recent years, production losses are increased due to infections by various diseases (Park 2009) and the information on monogenean infection in fish aquaculture is scarce.…”