Disease Control in Tomato Transplants Produced in Georgia and Florida

Gitaitis, R. D.; McCarter, S. M.; Jones, J. B.

doi:10.1094/pd-76-0651

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…In many geographical areas where race 3 has been found in potato, it has also been found in tomato, especially when planted after infected potato (French, 1986). If seed transmission occurs or soil of planting beds is contaminated, transplants would be the main vehicle for spread (Gitaitis et al, 1992;McCarter & Ratcliffe, 1977). On the other hand, there is very little proof of seed transmission in tomato, even though the disease has been known for almost 100 years in this host.…”

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confidence: 99%

Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies

Janse

1996

EPPO Bulletin

126

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Since 1992 an increased number of outbreaks of potato brown rot, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia (Burkholderia, Pseudomonas) solanacearum race 3, biovar 2, has been reported in several EPPO member countries, including more northern states like Belgium, France, The Netherlands and the UK. The largest outbreak took place in The Netherlands in 1995, mainly through one heavily infected seed‐tuber line. The bacterium was found in most infested countries in surface water and in the weed Solanum dulcamara growing along waterways. In some countries, tomato was also found to be infected. The history of the so‐called‘low‐temperature’race 3, adapted to more temperate climates (also occurring at higher altitudes in the tropics) is described, together with details on its host range and geographical distribution. Possible origins of the disease in western Europe are discussed, including introduction through import of infected early ware or industrial potatoes from some countries in the Mediterranean area, where the disease is established. The brown rot bacterium has many similarities concerning its biology and epidemiology with some other infectious diseases, e.g. with cholera, and useful comparisons can be made for control strategies. A detailed account on the epidemiology of P. solanacearum and possible prevention and control strategies is presented. These strategies are: (1) responsibility for prevention and control is for the country where the disease occurs; (2) countries where the disease occurs should report outbreaks as soon as possible; (3) early and sure detection and diagnosis of the pathogen are the core of the system; (4) adequate prevention and control measures should be taken after an outbreak; (5) production of healthy seed tubers should be guaranteed and surveys and (laboratory) checks for (latent) infections performed; (6) education of scientific personnel and the public (farmers, traders, advisory service, etc.) is essential. It is foreseen that hygienic measures and avoidance of surface water for irrigation will be key factors in successful control of the disease.

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confidence: 99%

Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies

Janse

1996

EPPO Bulletin

126

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“…It causes a reduction in productivity by damaging the leaves, causing flowers and fruit to fall prematurely, and by increasing sunburnt fruit (Gitaitis et al, 1992;Vale et al, 2004;Lopes & Quezado-Duval, 2005). Four species of Xanthomonas are implicated as causal agents of tomato spot: X. euvesicatoria, X. vesicatoria, X. perforans, and X. gardneri (Jones et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Bacterial Spot of Tomato and Activation of Enzymes Related to Resistance by Chemicals Under Field Conditions

Itako¹,

Júnior²,

Demant³

et al. 2014

JAS

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The control of tomato bacterial spot by the application of chemicals was evaluated on field condition during two trials. Thirty days after transplanting and every 14 days the tomato plants PA-529 hybrid were sprayed with acibenzolar-S-methyl (2.5 g·100) and water (control), totaling five applications during the crop cycle. Forty days after transplanting, the plants were inoculated with a Xanthomonas perforans isolate (10 7 UFC·mL -1 ), disease severity was assessed (10, 19, 29, and 36 days after inoculation), and the area under the disease progress curve was calculated. All chemicals controlled the disease, but better results for total mass and number of fruit was obtained for fluazinam, pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin + metiram, copper oxychloride, and mancozeb + copper oxychloride in the first trial, and pyraclostrobin and pyraclostrobin + metiram in the second trial. The average fruit weight, °Brix, pH and total acidity were not affected by the application of the chemicals. The enzymatic activity of the polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase was higher in the first trial, but in the second, only the polyphenoloxidase had the highest activity in the treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin + metiram on tomato leaves. Products containing pyraclostrobin increased the activity of some enzymes without reducing the productivity.

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“…However, presence of strains of BLS pathogens with a high degree of tolerance to copper (Carrillo-Fasio et al 2001;Gitaitis et al 1992;Gore and O'Garro 1999;Lee and Cho 1996;Martin et al 2004;Scheck et al 1996;Shenge et al 2007) and the considerable number of Xanthomonas species and races causing BLS symptoms in tomato and pepper (Jones et al 2004) have made the control of the disease difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of plant extracts as seed treatments to control bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania

et al. 2012

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Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) caused by seed-borne xanthomonads is a serious disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), causing significant losses in both yield and quality. To identify more effective control measures, we evaluated crude extracts from 84 plant species in in vitro and in planta assays for antibacterial activity against BLS of tomato. In the in vitro assays, 20.2 % of the tested plant extracts totally inhibited growth of bacteria when seed washings from treated seeds were plated on nutrient agar medium. In the in planta assays, 17.8 % of the tested plant extracts reduced BLS incidence by 100 % in tomato seedlings. The most effective seed treatments were obtained with extracts from Aloe vera, Betula pendula, Coffea arabica, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Juniperus communis, Ocimum basilicum, Quercus robur, Rheum palmatum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ruta graveolens, Sinapis alba, Yucca schidigera and Salvia officinalis. Seed treatment of tomato with these extracts completely inhibited Xanthomonas perforans in both in vitro and in planta assays. Extracts from A. vera, C. arabica and Y. schidigera were tested three times using tomato seeds of cultivars Tanya, Cal-J and Moneymaker in Tanzania. Treatment of tomato seeds with these extracts had a positive effect on the number of normal seeds and had no effect on seedling vigor, height and weight. These results indicate that plant extracts from A. vera, C. arabica and Y. schidigera are potential candidates for seed treatment against seed-borne xanthomonads of tomato in Tanzania.

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Disease Control in Tomato Transplants Produced in Georgia and Florida

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies

Potato brown rot in western Europe – history, present occurrence and some remarks on possible origin, epidemiology and control strategies

Control of Bacterial Spot of Tomato and Activation of Enzymes Related to Resistance by Chemicals Under Field Conditions

The effect of plant extracts as seed treatments to control bacterial leaf spot of tomato in Tanzania

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