Disease development and mycotoxin production by the Fusarium graminearum species complex associated with South African maize and wheat

Beukes, Ilze; Rose, Lindy Joy; Coller, Gerhardus Johannes van; Viljoen, Altus

doi:10.1007/s10658-017-1331-5

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Fusarium graminearum is a major cereal fungal pathogen. Reports have shown that it affects maize crops [52,53,54]. Five of the selected six strains showed antagonistic activity against the pathogen in vitro (Figure 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Consortium for Improved Maize (Zea mays L.) Production

Olanrewaju

Babalola

2019

Microorganisms

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The ever-increasing human population is a major concern for food security. Maize is the third largest most important food crop. The major problems of cultivation arise from urbanization and land pollution. This reduces the amount of land available for agriculture. The use of chemicals in agriculture is not environmentally friendly. Thus, plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been proposed as alternatives. This study aims to test the growth-promoting effect of maize inoculated with six indigenous PGPB isolates. These isolates were assayed for various biochemical and plant growth-promoting activities. They were also assayed for biocontrol activities. Based on the results, six isolates viz A1, A18, A29, NWU4, NWU14, and NWU198 were used to inoculate maize seeds. The inoculated seeds were tried out on the field. A randomized block design was used. PGPB used were in single, consortia of two, and three organisms. The length of the leaves, roots, and stem, plant height, numbers of leaves, and weight of 100 seeds were taken at the fourth and eighth weeks after planting. Microbial consortia increased growth parameters compared to single inoculant treatments. Thus, they can be of advantage in the eradication of low yield. They can also serve as reliable alternatives to chemical fertilizers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Consortium for Improved Maize (Zea mays L.) Production

Olanrewaju

Babalola

2019

Microorganisms

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“…A similar situation was observed in the USA [ 13 ], while in Brazil, F. graminearum was found to be dominant in wheat [ 14 ], F. asiaticum in rice [ 15 ], and F. meridionale was determined as the predominant FGSC species on maize ears and stalks [ 16 ]. In South Africa, F. boothii was shown to be the best colonizer and mycotoxin producer on maize whereas F. graminearum was predominant on wheat [ 17 , 18 ]. Similar results were found in China, where F. boothii was prominent when maize is cultivated without rotation with wheat or rice [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host and Cropping System Shape the Fusarium Population: 3ADON-Producers Are Ubiquitous in Wheat Whereas NIV-Producers Are More Prevalent in Rice

Yang

Zhang

Kong

et al. 2018

Toxins

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In recent years, Fusarium head blight (FHB) outbreaks have occurred much more frequently in China. The reduction of burning of the preceding crop residues is suggested to contribute to more severe epidemics as it may increase the initial inoculum. In this study, a large number of Fusarium isolates was collected from blighted wheat spikes as well as from rice stubble with perithecia originating from nine sampling sites in five provinces in Southern China. Fusarium asiaticum dominated both wheat and rice populations, although rice populations showed a higher species diversity. Chemotype analysis showed that rice is the preferred niche for NIV mycotoxin producers that were shown to be less virulent on wheat. In contrast, 3ADON producers are more prevalent on wheat and in wheat producing areas. The 3ADON producers were shown to be more virulent on wheat, revealing the selection pressure of wheat on 3ADON producers. For the first time, members of the Incarnatum-clade of Fusarium Incarnatum-Equiseti Species Complex (FIESC) were found to reproduce sexually on rice stubble. The pathogenicity of FIESC isolates on wheat proved very low and this may cause the apparent absence of this species in the main wheat producing provinces. This is the first report of the Fusarium population structure including rice stubble as well as a direct comparison with the population on wheat heads in the same fields. Our results confirm that the perithecia on rice stubble are the primary inoculum of FHB on wheat and that cropping systems affect the local Fusarium population.

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“…South African abalone farms are located along the coastline where the climate is known to be humid, creating the optimum conditions for fungal growth when compound feeds are stored (Whitlow & Hagler Jr. 2005). Some fungal genera such as Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium produce toxic secondary metabolites better known as mycotoxins (Bezuidenhout et al 1988;Cole 1986;Wei and Jong 1986;Gelderblom et al 1988;Cutuli et al 1991;Rheeder et al 1992;Cabañes et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusarium verticillioides is a species well known to produce fumonisins on many different substrates (Bezuidenhout et al 1988 ; Marasas et al 1988 ; Rheeder et al 1992 ; Beukes 2015 ; Janse van Rensburg et al 2017 ). All the F. verticillioides strains in this study produced mycotoxins, ranging from 0.33 mg/L to 12.43 mg/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin production by three different toxigenic fungi genera on formulated abalone feed and the effect of an aquatic environment on fumonisins

et al. 2019

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various filamentous fungi, of which Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium are the three main genera. Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most dominant toxigenic fungal species, associated with fumonisin contamination in grainbased feeds, such as compound abalone feed. Mycotoxin production is influenced by temperature and available nutrients. In this study the aims were: to determine if abalone feed as growth substrate favours mycotoxin production for toxigenic fungi; to determine the most effective temperature for fumonisin production by F. verticillioides on abalone feed; and to assess the effect of the aquatic environment on fumonisin-contaminated abalone feed. A total of 93 fungal isolates were inoculated onto abalone feed, including species belonging to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Feed inoculated with F. verticillioides were incubated at two different temperatures and fumonisin-contaminated feed was submerged into seawater for 24 h. Results showed that mycotoxins were produced when abalone feed was inoculated with toxigenic fungi, and that F. verticillioides produced higher concentrations of fumonisins at a lower temperature. Submerging fumonisin-contaminated feed in seawater showed that this toxin leached into the seawater, lowering the risk of fumonisins to be consumed by abalone.

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Disease development and mycotoxin production by the Fusarium graminearum species complex associated with South African maize and wheat

Cited by 18 publications

References 63 publications

Bacterial Consortium for Improved Maize (Zea mays L.) Production

Bacterial Consortium for Improved Maize (Zea mays L.) Production

Host and Cropping System Shape the Fusarium Population: 3ADON-Producers Are Ubiquitous in Wheat Whereas NIV-Producers Are More Prevalent in Rice

Mycotoxin production by three different toxigenic fungi genera on formulated abalone feed and the effect of an aquatic environment on fumonisins

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