Disease‐modifying effects of orthobiologics in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: the lesson learned from preclinical research models

Abstract

Keywords Orthobiologics • Platelet rich plasma • Cell therapy • Adipose tissue • Bone marrow • Knee osteoarthritis • Animal model

Mechanical loading and orthobiologic therapies in the treatment of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA): a comprehensive review

“…In a recent review, de Girolamo et al (2023) elucidated the disparity between the efficacy of various orthobiologic therapies in animal models of PTOA and their outcomes in human clinical trials ( de Girolamo et al, 2023 ). Blood-derived products, adipose tissue-derived products, and bone marrow-derived products have demonstrated differing degrees of clinical effectiveness and potential disease-modifying effects (DMoE) in preclinical research models.…”

“…Adipose tissue-derived products showed slightly lower clinical effects at 78% but higher DMoE at approximately 90%. Bone marrow-derived products demonstrated a clinical effect similar to blood-derived products at around 79%, with a DMoE of approximately 85% ( de Girolamo et al, 2023 ). Despite these promising results in animal studies, translating such efficacy to human PTOA has proven inconsistent.…”

“…A potential reason for the disparities between clinical and pre-clinical investigations is that clinical studies often do not investigate the same outcomes that are extensively evaluated in pre-clinical animal models. Most clinical studies prioritize examining clinical outcomes, often dedicating fewer resources to thoroughly evaluate DMoE’s such as the use of histological and immunohistochemical analysis ( de Girolamo et al, 2023 ). This discrepancy underscores the need for further investigation into the mechanisms underlying orthobiologic efficacy and its translation to human clinical settings.…”

Enhancing orthopaedic scientific communication: the launch of infographics in the KSSTA journal

“…These visual aids assist sports medicine doctors, healthcare workers, and (orthopaedic) surgeons in rationalising their decision-making, thereby promoting the adoption of evidence-based methodologies and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. As the KSSTA journal has already launched the Infographics project, examples of these visual aids are represented in studies by Indelli et al [5], de Girolamo et al [2], Orfei et al [8], and many more to come in the foreseeable future. Examples of the infographics produced so far have been included in Fig.…”

Stable Housekeeping Genes in Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Amniotic Membrane-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Approaches

“…In this perspective, MSCs' immunomodulatory and trophic effects observed in both in vitro and in vivo model systems are ascribed to the release of soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs) with therapeutic properties [3]. For these reasons, MSC-based strategies for orthopedic disorders are clinically available in several one-step (MSC-containing products, such as orthobiologics) [4] and actively sifted in pioneeristic two-step (clinical trials with expanded MSCs) [5] approaches. The main challenge is the high heterogeneity of MSCs' sources.…”