Disease Risks of Occupational Exposure to Sewage

Clark, C. Scott; Briggs, T.; Phair, John P.; Linneman, Clavin C.; Schiff, Gilbert M.; Cleary, Edward J.

doi:10.1061/jeegav.0000474

Cited by 22 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The occupational risk of waterborne diseases by people working in wastewater treatment plants and sewers has been reported. For example, Clark et al (1976) summarized sewer worker infections such as typhoid fever, Shigellosis, other gastrointestinal bacterial infections, and parasitic infections such as Entamoeba histolytica and Ascaris lumbricoides. An epidemiological study showed that 65.7% and 32.4% of the wastewater treatment plant workers were, respectively, infected by hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus at the timing or prior to the study against 32.6% and 5.8% of the control group, respectively, in Greece (Arvanitidou et al 2004).…”

Section: Fecal Exposure Characterization Through Excreta Use For Agri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Allocation of the Health Risks in Sanitation

Harada

2022

Global Environmental Studies

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Sanitation can change the fate of excreta and control the emission to the living and ambient environment, leading to the reduction of fecal exposure and the mitigation of fecal–oral infectious risk. The fate of excreta and its associated health risks in sanitation, however, may not be limited within the living boundary of a single person or even within a community. Based on examples in Vietnam, this chapter demonstrates the transfer of health risks in sanitation and its allocation in society. Along a river, fecal pollutants and the associated health risks were transferred from the urban upstream areas to rural downstream areas, resulting in the change of livelihood downstream. Resource-oriented sanitation was enabled at the expense of female farmers’ health risks through their handling of fecal matter, indicating a gender-related risk allocation. This chapter also discusses the health risk allocation of modern sewerages between those who flush excreta and those who work in the sewerages, and that of on-site sanitation along the sanitation service chain. Since sanitation possibly causes the transfer of health risks in society, sound social allocation and mitigation of health risks are essential to address social challenges in sanitation.

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Section: Fecal Exposure Characterization Through Excreta Use For Agri...mentioning

confidence: 99%