DISEASE SCREENING IN SOUTHERN RIVER TERRAPINS (<i>BATAGUR AFFINIS EDWARDMOLLI</i>) IN CAMBODIA

Seimon, Tracie A.; Horne, Brian D.; Tomaszewicz, Ania; Pruvot, Mathieu; Som, Sitha; In, Samat; Chea, Sokha; Platt, Steve; Toledo, Patricia; McAloose, Denise; Calle, Paul P.

doi:10.1638/1042-7260-48.4.1242

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Swabs were placed in RNA later ® (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA 02451, USA) and frozen at –20°C until export to the United States, where they remained frozen at –80°C. DNA from the samples were extracted with Prepman Ultra® (Thermo Fisher Scientific) as previously described, 11 and then tested along with a positive, negative, and inhibition control using a GCBI1-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. 3 PCR sensitivity for this assay is five DNA copies/PCR reaction.3 All samples tested exhibited some degree of PCR inhibition, which was likely because of the large amount of fecal material collected on the swabs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter Screening of Grand Cayman Blue Iguana (Cyclura Lewisi) and North Antillean Slider (Trachemys Decussata Angusta) on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands

Calle¹,

McClave²,

Ingerman³

et al. 2023

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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The endemic Grand Cayman or blue iguana (Cyclura lewisi) is endangered. Beginning in 2015 significant morbidity and mortality occurred in captive and wild blue iguanas within Grand Cayman's Queen Elizabeth II Botanic Park (QEIIBP). Investigation identified a novel Helicobacter sp., provisionally named Helicobacter sp. Grand Cayman Blue Iguana 1 (GCBI1), as the cause. Invasive green iguanas (Iguana iguana) are believed to play a role in GCBI1 transmission to the blue iguana; however, the origin and transmission pathways have not been determined. To assess the likelihood of blue iguanas asymptomatically harboring GCBI1, in May 2022 population-level screening of captive blue iguanas at QEIIBP was conducted on half (n ¼ 102) of the captive blue iguana population (n ¼ 201) including half of each age class. Helicobacter sp. GCBI1 is closely related to a chelonian Helicobacter sp. and 10 sympatric wild north Antillean sliders (Trachemys decussata angusta) were sampled in October 2019. Combined choana/cloacal swabs were screened by a GCBI1-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. All samples were negative, suggesting that GCBI1 is not present asymptomatically in the captive blue iguana population or in north Antillean sliders. These results provide support for the hypothesis that GCBI1 is periodically introduced to captive and wild blue iguanas from another species or source.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter Screening of Grand Cayman Blue Iguana (Cyclura Lewisi) and North Antillean Slider (Trachemys Decussata Angusta) on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands

Calle¹,

McClave²,

Ingerman³

et al. 2023

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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“…This included routine visual inspection and palpation, oral and cloacal examination, and coelomic palpation as size and temperament allowed. We collected oral-cloacal swabs for post-hoc screening for Mycoplasma spp., herpesviruses, and the intranuclear coccidian parasite of Testudines via polymerase chain reaction conducted by the Wildlife Conservation Society Molecular Lab as previously described [ 10 , 38 – 41 ]. Only tortoises that were apparently healthy on physical examination and negative for all pathogens via polymerase chain reaction were included in the study.…”

Section: Study Site and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology and biochemistry of critically endangered radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata): Reference intervals in previously confiscated subadults and variability based on common techniques

et al. 2022

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Madagascar’s radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) are critically endangered, threatened by illegal collection, and confiscated in alarming numbers in recent years. Robust population- and technique-specific hematology and biochemistry reference intervals are valuable yet heretofore missing tools for triage, rehabilitation, and reintroduction of confiscated radiated tortoises. We determined reference intervals in 120 previously confiscated, clinically healthy subadult radiated tortoises living under human care within their native habitat at the Tortoise Conservation Center (TCC). Specific analytes measured were manual packed cell volume, total solids, white blood cell (WBC) count and differentials, and biochemistry analytes using a point of care system. To evaluate the effects of different commonly used techniques on these analytes, we compared results between two venipuncture sites (subcarapacial sinus and brachial vein) and three different WBC quantification methods (Natt and Herrick, Leukopet, and slide estimate). Reference intervals were narrower for most analytes, and sodium and potassium were qualitatively higher in the TCC population compared to previously published values from radiated tortoises housed in North American institutions. Creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose and inorganic phosphorus were all significantly greater in brachial samples than in subcarapacial samples. There was poor agreement and evidence of constant and/or proportional bias between all WBC quantification methods. Differences based on time of sample collection were incidentally found in some analytes. These results highlight the need for considering technique, demographic, and environmental factors in creating and applying reference intervals, and contribute foundational knowledge for improving care of radiated tortoises throughout the confiscation-to-release pathway.

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“…Respiratory tract are among the major affected system in these animals, and most of the agents isolated from sick reptiles are Gram- Magalhães et al manifestations; although, cases of animals with subclinical manifestations or even asymptomatic are also reported. There are two species of Mycoplasma known as pathogenic and causative agents of upper respiratory tract infections in chelonians, M. agassizii and M. testudineum (BROWN et al, 1994;BROWN et al, 2004;JACOBSON et al, 2012;JACOBSON et al, 2014;OSSIBOFF et al, 2015;SEIMON et al, 2017). In crocodilians, mycoplasma has been reported as a cause of pneumonia, tracheitis and polyarthritis (KIRCHHOFF et al, 1997;DRIGGERS et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma spp. in captive snakes (Boa constrictor and Bothrops atrox) from Brazil

et al. 2021

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Although rare, mycoplasmas are included among the causes of respiratory diseases in reptiles and, in the order Squamata, three reports of these microorganisms causing diseases in pythons have already been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasma species in captive snakes. A total of 26 snakes of the families Pythonidae (13), Boidae (7), Viperidae (5) and Colubridae (1) from RioZoo, Brazil, were evaluated. Animals were examined to determine clinical signs consistent with any infectious disease. Tracheal swab samples from snakes were collected in Frey medium and analyzed for the presence of Mycoplasma spp.by isolation and a genus-specific PCR. DNA sequencing analyses of six positive samples by PCR were carried out to identify the species. Using isolation 19.23% (5/26) was positive, while 65.38% (17/26) of the animals were positive by PCR. Based on the analyses of the six sequences obtained, there was similarity with a Mycoplasma spp. previously described in a phyton and, M. agassizii and M. testudineum reported in chelonians. This is the first report of Mycoplasma spp. in animals of the families Boidae and Viperidae. Mycoplasma spp. were detected in snakes with and without clinical signs. The mycoplasmas reported resented identity (range, 95% to 100%) to others already described in reptiles. There was no relationship between the presence of Mycoplasma spp. and clinical signs.

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DISEASE SCREENING IN SOUTHERN RIVER TERRAPINS (BATAGUR AFFINIS EDWARDMOLLI) IN CAMBODIA

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Helicobacter Screening of Grand Cayman Blue Iguana (Cyclura Lewisi) and North Antillean Slider (Trachemys Decussata Angusta) on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands

Helicobacter Screening of Grand Cayman Blue Iguana (Cyclura Lewisi) and North Antillean Slider (Trachemys Decussata Angusta) on Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands

Hematology and biochemistry of critically endangered radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata): Reference intervals in previously confiscated subadults and variability based on common techniques

Mycoplasma spp. in captive snakes (Boa constrictor and Bothrops atrox) from Brazil

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