Disease threats to farmed green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus in New Zealand: review of challenges in risk assessment and pathway analysis

Castinel, A.; Webb, Stephen C.; Jones, J. B.; Peeler, E. J.; Forrest, Barrie M.

doi:10.3354/aei00314

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…is to be expected as they are ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments, and on surfaces and intestinal contents of marine animals [ 40 ]. Although many Vibrio species are harmless, several can be highly pathogenic for humans and/or marine animals [ 41 – 44 ]. Warm temperature favours the proliferation of Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Microbiome: A Multi-Tissue Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Diversity

Young

Archer

et al. 2022

Curr Microbiol

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Poor health and mortality events of the commercially important and endemic New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) pose a threat to its industry. Despite the known importance of microbiomes to animal health and environmental resilience, the host-associated microbiome is unexplored in this species. We conducted the first baseline characterization of bacteria and fungi within key host tissues (gills, haemolymph, digestive gland, and stomach) using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS1 region for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Tissue types displayed distinctive bacterial profiles, consistent among individuals, that were dominated by phyla which reflect (1) a fluid exchange between the circulatory system (gills and haemolymph) and surrounding aqueous environment and (2) a highly diverse digestive system (digestive gland and stomach) microbiota. Gammaproteobacteria and Campylobacterota were mostly identified in the gill tissue and haemolymph, and were also found in high abundance in seawater. Digestive gland and stomach tissues were dominated by common gut bacterial phyla, such as Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota, which reflects the selectivity of the digestive system and food-based influences. Other major notable taxa included the family Spirochaetaceae, and genera Endozoicomonas, Psychrilyobacter, Moritella and Poseidonibacter, which were highly variable among tissue types and samples. More than 50% of fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were unclassified beyond the phylum level, which reflects the lack of studies with marine fungi. However, the majority of those identified were assigned to the phylum Ascomycota. The findings from this work provide the first insight into healthy tissue microbiomes of P. canaliculus and is of central importance to understanding the effect of environmental changes on farmed mussels at the microbial level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Microbiome: A Multi-Tissue Analysis of Bacterial and Fungal Diversity

Young

Archer

et al. 2022

Curr Microbiol

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“…80 However, the risks associated with pathogens and parasites are poorly understood and will depend on interactions among factors such as resilience in the crop species, environmental conditions, pathogen identity and origins and farm practices. 80 One significant pathogen is digestive epithelial virosis, a virus-like particle that caused 50%-100% mortality of large (>15 mm) seed in 1994. 81 Such pathogens can cause mortality, reduce performance and indirectly impact mussel production due to measures to reduce their spread.…”

Section: Mortalit Y Of S Eed Muss El Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…79 There are many potential pathogens of mussel seed. 80 However, the risks associated with pathogens and parasites are poorly understood and will depend on interactions among factors such as resilience in the crop species, environmental conditions, pathogen identity and origins and farm practices. 80 One significant pathogen is digestive epithelial virosis, a virus-like particle that caused 50%-100% mortality of large (>15 mm) seed in 1994.…”

Section: Mortalit Y Of S Eed Muss El Smentioning

confidence: 99%

The loss of seed mussels in longline aquaculture

South

Delorme

Skelton

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Mussel aquaculture around the world is traditionally reliant on highly variable natural supplies of seed that are collected from the wild and transferred to mussel farms. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In many global regions, hatchery production is being increasingly used to provide a more consistent supply of seed mussels. However, the seeding of longline mussel aquaculture operations is inefficient, with many of the mussels from both wild and hatchery sources being lost in the first few months of aquaculture. [8][9][10] In many cases, losses can be extreme with >95% of seed being lost. [11][12][13] At seeding into longline aquaculture, loose mussels or seed attached to substrates, such as macroalgae, are deployed into the sea alongside a grow-out rope with a socking material holding the seed and their substrates in place. 7,14 The success of the seeding process is heavily reliant on survival of the seed mussels and their ability to migrate and attach to the grow-out rope. 9Losses of these seed mussels are a significant constraint to the continuity and envisaged growth of the global mussel farming industry 15 and represent a considerable waste of valuable natural resources or costly hatchery-reared seed. 16,17 Therefore, in the face of limited seed resources and the projected growth in human population and food demand, maximising production efficiencies to maintain or increase commercial mussel yield by mitigating against seed losses should be a fundamental goal of mussel aquaculture.

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“…For example, the ability of the virus to persist in the environment and the role of other fauna as infection reservoirs are poorly understood (Pernet et al 2016;Bookelaar et al 2020). New Zealand's main aquaculture species by production and value is green-lipped mussels (GLM) Perna canaliculus (Castinel et al 2019). GLM are free from significant production diseases (Castinel et al 2019).…”

Section: Diseases Of Farmed Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New Zealand's main aquaculture species by production and value is green-lipped mussels (GLM) Perna canaliculus (Castinel et al 2019). GLM are free from significant production diseases (Castinel et al 2019). Common parasites, the New Zealand pea crab Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae and digenean trematode Cercaria cercaria rarely induce mortalities although their presence can affect product quality (Hickman 1978;Trottier et al 2012).…”

Section: Diseases Of Farmed Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%