Diseases and parasites of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Mecklenburg Bight to the Estonian coast

Mellergaard, Stig; Lang, Thomas

doi:10.1006/jmsc.1999.0466

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Also, Mö ller (1974) did not find flounder from Kiel Fjord to be infected. Mellergaard and Lang (1999) report low prevalences in cod caught at stations 1, 2, and 5 (c1%), whereas cod were uninfected at the others. Our results confirm records of infected flounder off the former East Germany coast (Lü then, 1988) and in Kiel Bay (Lang, 1989), suggesting that the whole life cycle can be completed in the western Baltic.…”

Section: Copepodamentioning

confidence: 90%

Metazoan parasites of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) along a transect from the southwestern to the northeastern Baltic Sea

Køie

1999

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Section: Copepodamentioning

confidence: 90%

Metazoan parasites of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) along a transect from the southwestern to the northeastern Baltic Sea

Køie

1999

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…X‐cell disease is well documented in marine teleosts (Mellergaard & Nielsen, 1996; Mellergaard & Lang, 1999; Miwa et al , 2004), but little is known about its epidemiology. Infected fishes are characterized by the proliferation of large spherical cells, which are usually apparent in the epidermal tissues such as the skin, gills and pseudobranch (Davison, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antarctic fish can survive prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures

Robinson

Davison

2008

Journal of Fish Biology

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The Antarctic notothenioid Pagothenia borchgrevinki was collected from the stenothermal waters of McMurdo Sound in the summers of 2004, 2005 and 2006. Acclimation ability at 4°C was tested in healthy P. borchgrevinki and in individuals infected with x-cell gill disease. All healthy fish successfully acclimated to 4°C, establishing compensatory changes in resting oxygen consumption rate (R rest ) and critical swimming speed (U crit ) during a 1 month acclimation period, which were maintained during a longer, 6 month acclimation period. In contrast, individuals infected with xcell disease were unable to acclimate to 4°C, demonstrating significantly reduced survival rates compared with healthy individuals at 4°C. Measurements of R rest suggest that limitations in the ability of x-cell fish to uptake oxygen from the external milieu may have a negative effect on their survival at 4°C.

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“…In contrast, previous studies have reported a low prevalence of pseudobranchial X-cell pseudotumors in wild Atlantic cod (Morrison et al 1982, Mellergaard & Lang 1999. The prevalence of infection in wild cod of 6 mo age (6.5 to 13.0 cm length) from Icelandic waters had reached 7% in 1 of the 2 year classes studied (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…No affected fish were found by Dethlefsen et al (1996) in nearshore waters southwest of Iceland, in deep waters southeast off Iceland or off the Faroe and the Shetland Islands. In cod from the Baltic Sea, the mean prevalence of pseudotumors in 3241 fish was 0.2%, ranging from 0 to 0.4% in < 22 cm cod, 0 to 2.2% in 22 to 34 cm cod and 0 to 1.5% in > 35 cm fish (Mellergaard & Lang 1999). A low prevalence of pseudotumors, ranging from 0.4 to 1.7%, was reported by Egidius et al (1981) in 8850 cod (20 to 90 cm length range) from the Barents Sea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, these pseudotumors have been reported in Atlantic cod from the northeastern and northwestern Atlantic Ocean extending from the Barents and North Seas to Icelandic waters, and also from the Baltic Sea and from Canadian waters (Morrison et al 1979, Egidius et al 1981, Dethlefsen et al 1996, Mellergaard & Lang 1999. Pseudotumors in the pseudobranchial organ have also been described from the Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (Takahashi 1929, Stich et al 1976, McCain et al 1978.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Pseudobranchial X-cell pseudotumors in young wild and farmed Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Iceland

Eydal

Kristmundsson²,

Bambir³

2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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This study investigated the prevalence of pseudobranchial X-cell pseudotumors in 2 year classes of wild juvenile cod and to a lesser extent in older cod in NW Iceland. The disease was also monitored in farmed wild-caught juvenile cod. The youngest wild cod detected that had X-cell infections were 6.5 to 13.0 cm in length, with prevalence reaching a maximum level of 7%. The highest prevalence (23%) was recorded in 18.5 to 27.0 cm fish. The mean prevalence in older cod (25.0 to 76.0 cm in length) was 7% but decreased with increasing age. The mean prevalence of X-cell pseudotumors in farmed juvenile cod was ≤1% during winter rearing in land-based tanks. Higher prevalence (2 to 15%) was noted in dead and moribund fish. Diseased farmed fish were usually emaciated, and mortality due to the disease was noticeable. KEY WORDS: Pseudotumor · X-cell · Wild cod · Farmed cod · Prevalence · Disease Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 91: [83][84][85][86][87][88] 2010 MATERIALS AND METHODSWild cod. During the years 1998 to 2000, 572 juvenile cod (0+ and 1+ age groups; total length 3.5 to 27.0 cm, ~4 to 22 mo old) belonging to year classes 1998 and 1999 were sampled at fixed intervals during the first 2 yr of life. The fish were caught within depths of 35 to 135 m with a traditional inshore shrimp trawler at various locations throughout the fjord Isafjardardjup in NW Iceland and screened for the presence of pseudobranchial X-cell pseudotumors. In addition, 199 older cod that were 2 yr and older were sampled in Isafjardardjup in October 2000 and examined for these lesions (Fig. 1, Table 1). All fish were weighed and their length measured, except that only length was measured for cod that were 2 yr and older. Fish were examined either histologically or macroscopically. For histological examinations, whole bilateral pseudobranchs were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned according to routine histological protocols. The 5 µm sections were stained with Giemsa stain and examined for histopathological changes. For macroscopic observations, the opercula were spread out or removed for visual examination of both pseudobranchial organs. Juvenile cod that were 4 to 6 mo old (3.5 to 13.0 cm total length) were examined using histological techniques. Cod that were 10 mo old (8.0 to 15.5 cm total length) were examined either using histological techniques (n = 90) or macroscopically (n = 20), while all larger cod were examined using the latter method.Farmed cod. Wild cod juveniles in their first year (~2 g) have annually been caught using the traditional shrimp trawler in coastal waters of the fjord Isafjardardjup at depths ranging from 7 to 70 m, during August to October. Three year classes (2002, 2003 and 2004) were specifically examined in the present study.Total catches were 65 000 juveniles in 2002, 730 000 in 2003 and 1 000 000 in 2004. The fish were taken to a nearby shore-based farming facility at Nauteyri, and reared in tanks for 8...

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Diseases and parasites of Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) from the Mecklenburg Bight to the Estonian coast

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Metazoan parasites of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) along a transect from the southwestern to the northeastern Baltic Sea

Metazoan parasites of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) along a transect from the southwestern to the northeastern Baltic Sea

Antarctic fish can survive prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures

Pseudobranchial X-cell pseudotumors in young wild and farmed Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in Iceland

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