Diseases of cultivated plants and trees

Powdery scab disease of potato — a review

“…Although the nature of the lime used is often unclear, Berkeley (1846), Brunchorst (1887), Horne (1911b), Pethybridge (1910Pethybridge ( , 1911aPethybridge ( , 1912, Melhus et al (1916) andEl Fahl &Calvert (1976) all claimed that liming increased disease severity, but Massee (1908Massee ( , 1915, Janchen (1921), Philipp (1932), Wenzl et al (1972), Reichard & Wenzl (1976) and Winter & Winiger (1983) associated the application of lime with a reduction in the severity of powdery scab. Sprau (1966) found that adding lime to soil had little effect on powdery scab.…”

Early Permian insect folivory on a gigantopterid-dominated riparian flora from north-central Texas

“…This procedure consisted of: (1) recognition of thick, upraised, or otherwise teratological reaction rims along holes or margins; (2) demonstration of stereotyped feeding patterns or some other indication of insect herbivore behavior reflected in the type and location of foliar damage, (3) detailed examination of damaged margins of foliar elements, revealing small mandible marks, secondary vein stringers, or other anatomical evidence indicating extraction of foliar tissue by a mandibulate insect, and (4) patterns of host specificity, particularly if stereotyped damage patterns were associated with particular plant host taxa or even particular foliar regions of the same plant host taxon. Some plant damage was not attributable to insect herbivory, and was considered fungal in origin (Massée, 1910;Sinclair et al, 1987) or the result of postmortem degradation or premortem physical breakage consistent with the architectural designs of the foliar elements (Vincent, 1990). In this study, the term 'foliar element', equivalent to a specimen, referred to any photosynthetic organ, occurring as a digitizable unit surrounded by rock matrix, regardless of anatomical origin.…”

IX.— The life-history and cytology of synchytrium endobioticum (schilb.), perc., the cause of wart disease in potato

“…(For stages of the migration see figs. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35].) The epidermal cells adjoining the host cell begin to enlarge about the time of the migration of the prosoral contents, and thenceforth they keep pace with the expansion of the host cell ( fig.…”