Diseases of groundnut in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and their management

Abstract

Groundnut is an important food and cash crop in the Southern African Development Community (SADC ) region, and is grown largely by smallholder farmers under low input conditions. Constraints are many and varied, both between and within the member states, but diseases are generally regarded as major constraints to groundnut production throughout the region. A large number of fungal, viral, nematode, and bacterial diseases of groundnut have been reported. Most of the diseases are widespread, but only a few of them are economically important on a regional basis. In this paper, the current distribution and economic importance of leaf spots, web blotch, rust, gray mould, pod rots, blackhull, Sclerotinia blight, stem rot, seedling diseases, aflatoxin contamination, rosette, groundnut streak necrosis, pod nematode, and pod scab nematode diseases, and various options (chemical control, host-plant resistance and cultural practices) for their management, are briefly reviewed. Future research needs on groundnut diseases in the region are discussed.

Molecular breeding of groundnut for enhanced productivity and food security in the semi- arid tropics: opportunities and challenges

“…The nutritive values of A. glabrata cultivar Florigraze and A. pintoi are higher than that of most tropical forage legumes of commercial importance (Kerridge and Hardy, 1994). Figure 3 shows the distribution of market shares for shelled groundnut seeds entering international trade from the groundnut producing regions of the world Figure 3 The average distribution of international trade market share for shelled groundnut seeds exported from the major groundnut producing regions of the world for the period from 1997 to 1999. eastern, and central Africa whereas green rosette is the most common in West Africa (Subrahmanyam et al,1977;. There are three agents that interact to produce rosette disease syndrome in groundnut: groundnut rosette virus (GRV), groundnut rosette assister virus (GRAV), and satellite RNA (sat RNA) (Bock et al, 1990).…”

Growth Chamber Assay for Evaluating Resistance to Athelia rolfsii

“…In Georgia's 2015 season alone, the value of control costs and yield losses was estimated to be $59.7 million (Kemerait, 2015). Substantial yield losses to A. rolfsii are also experienced in peanut-producing regions of Africa (Subrahmanyam et al, 1997;Cilliers et al, 2000), Asia (Mayee and Datar, 1988), the Middle East (Grinstein et al, 1979), and South America (Marinelli et al, 1998). Cultivars with high resistance to A. rolfsii such as Bailey and Georgia-12Y are available, but most commercial cultivars obtainable today are less resistant (Kemerait et al, 2018).…”

Pérennisation par modélisation résiliente dans la culture de l’arachide (<i>Arachis hypogaea L.</i>) au Cameroun (Synthèse bibliographique)

“…L'utilisation de fongicides s'est avérée variable dans son efficacité et son adoption. Au Cameroun, les petits agriculteurs n'ont pas adopté de fongicides en raison de l'augmentation des coûts de production par rapport aux variétés à faible rendement (Coffelt & Porter, 1986 ;Subrahmanyam et al, 1997).…”