Diseases of the equine shoulder – Part II: Special diseases and their treatment

Abstract

Diseases and lameness originating from the shoulder region are rare entities in the horse. Anatomy and diagnostic steps were summarizedin the first part of this review article. The second part summarizes differential diagnosis for shoulder lameness and their typical clinical presentation. Depending on the age of the patient, osteochondrosis and subchondral cysts must be considered. The biceps brachii muscle and tendon as well as the bicipital bursa can be affected by overuse-injury or septic conditions mainly occurring after trauma. The bursa of the infraspinatus muscle is an even less common cause of lameness in this region. Injuries to the scapula and suprascapular nerve, the supraglenoid tubercle, the greater tubercle, the deltoid tuberosity and humeroglenoid luxation are mainly caused by trauma. Shoulder problems in the horse, leave the clinician with a diagnostic challenge and limited experience for an accurate prognosis. Starting with articular lesions, osseous, tendinous and neuronal structures surrounding the shoulder joint are being discussed individually. A recent literature review delineates treatment options as well as prognostic experience, emphasizing on individual original work and especially pointing out conservative and surgical alternatives to each disease entity.Keywords: horse / biceps tendon / septic bicipital tenosynovitis / greater tubercle fracture / OCD / subchondrale bone cyst / Supraglenoid fracture / Sweenie syndrome / scapula / fracture Zitation: Gudehus T., Drumm N., Hahn J. (2015) Schultererkrankungen des Pferdes -Teil II: Spezielle Erkrankungen und deren Behandlung. Pferdeheilkunde 31,[248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259]

A Paleopathological Find on a La Tène Horse Skeleton Discovered in Rescue Archaeological Diggings in the Area of the Olympic Pool, Alba Iulia (CX 143 Pit)

“…Among the pathologies encountered at the distal level of the scapula and the proximal humeral part, nowadays the veterinary pathology literature mentions the following commonly encountered conditions [14]: i.…”

“…Among the pathologies encountered at the distal level of the scapula and the proximal humeral part, nowadays the veterinary pathology literature mentions the following commonly encountered conditions [ 14 ]: Osteoarthritis and osteochondritis of the shoulder joint [ 15 ]; Fractures and other mechanical injuries, muscular atrophy, most frequently of secondary origin -the sweeny shoulder [ 16 ]; The infraspinate tendon and its bursa [ 17 , 18 ]; Intertubercular (bicipital) bursitis [ 19 ]. …”