Diseases of the oral cavity in light  of the newest epigenetic research:  Possible implications for stomatology

Jośko-Ochojska, Jadwiga; Rygiel, Katarzyna; Postek−Stefańska, Lidia

doi:10.17219/acem/76060

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The environmental determinants, known and theorized, responsible for driving the epigenetic mechanisms forward include but are not limited to external factors such as life style, exposure to heavy metals such as mercury, radiations such as ultraviolet (UV), smoking, and infectious agents such as Helicobacter pylori [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. These modifications may lead to single nucleotide polymorphism, which is incredibly responsive to changes in external environmental stimuli, thus orienting the expression of genes along with it [ 33 ].…”

Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodontal disease entails a pathological process that involves the whole of the tooth-supporting structures of the tooth, known as the periodontium; the gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament (PDL) [ 43 ]. Periodontal disease, a significant global public health problem, ranges in a global disease burden from 20% to 70% [ 35 , 43 ]. Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology including malocclusion, poor dental hygiene and excessive plaque and calculus formation, bruxism, poor tooth fillings, and ill-fitting prosthetics [ 31 , 35 , 37 ].…”

Section: Epigenetics and Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Periodontal disease, a significant global public health problem, ranges in a global disease burden from 20% to 70% [ 35 , 43 ]. Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology including malocclusion, poor dental hygiene and excessive plaque and calculus formation, bruxism, poor tooth fillings, and ill-fitting prosthetics [ 31 , 35 , 37 ].…”

Section: Epigenetics and Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Explaining Relationship of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart diseases or stroke are among the leading cause of deaths globally, and evidence suggests that these diseases are modulated by a multifactorial and complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to modifiable risk factors have been explored to be involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. Environmental factors contribute to an individual’s propensity to develop major cardiovascular risk factors through epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones via miRNA regulation of protein translation that are types of epigenetic mechanisms and participate in disease development. Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral diseases in humans that is characterized by low-grade inflammation and has been shown to increase the risk of CVDs. Risk factors involved in PD and CVD are determined both genetically and behaviorally. Periodontal diseases such as chronic inflammation promote DNA methylation. Epigenetic modifications involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis play an essential role in plaque development and vulnerability. Epigenetics has opened a new world to understand and manage human diseases, including CVDs and periodontal diseases. Genetic medicine has started a new era of epigenetics to overcome human diseases with various new methodology. Epigenetic profiling may aid in better diagnosis and stratification of patients showing potential predisposed states for disease. A better understanding of the exact regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic pathways driving inflammation is slowly emerging and will aid in developing novel tools for the treatment of disease.

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Section: Epigeneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epigenetics and Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epigenetics and Periodontal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Explaining Relationship of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

et al. 2021

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Epigenetic and inflammatory events in experimental periodontitis following systemic microbial challenge

Palioto

Finoti

Kinane

et al. 2019

J Clinic Periodontology

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Aim The purpose of this study was to determine inflammatory and epigenetic features following induction of oral and gut dysbiosis in experimental periodontitis in order to examine the interplay between oral and systemic infection. Materials and Methods Periodontitis was induced in 6‐ to 8‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice by (a) Ligature placement (Lig group) (oral challenge); (b) P. gingivalis gavage (Pg group) (systemic challenge); and (c) the combination of the two models oral and systemic challenge (Pg + Lig). The duration of the experiment was 60 days, and the animals were then sacrificed for analyses. Alveolar bone loss was assessed, and a multiplex immunoassay was performed. Maxillae and gut tissues were immunostained for DNMT3b (de novo methylation marker), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and IL‐18R1 (inflammation markers). Results Pg and Pg + Lig groups exhibited higher bone loss when compared to Sham. BAFF, VEGF, RANKL, RANTES and IP‐10 were significantly higher with Pg gavage. Likewise, DNMT3b was overexpressed in both gut and maxilla after the Pg administration. The same pattern was observed for BTLA and IL‐18R1 in gut tissues. Conclusions The systemic microbial challenge either alone or in combination with local challenge leads to distinct patterns of inflammatory and epigenetic features when compared to simply locally induced experimental periodontitis.

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Your health is in your mouth: A comprehensive view to promote general wellness

Barranca-Enríquez

Romo‐González

2022

Front. Oral. Health

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BackgroundEven though various studies recognize the importance of the oral cavity to have general health, in multidisciplinary professional practice it is almost always excluded and on an individual basis, very commonly neglected. Oral diseases are preventable, still, they are highly prevalent. Although some studies consider oral health within integral health, currently, there is no model in which the mouth is integrated within other levels for the achievement of well-being. The objective of this article was to review the importance of oral health and its connection with well-being and, based on these findings, propose a complex and comprehensive perspective for approach and care.MethodsThe databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were revised for randomized controlled trials and reviews that included search terms related to oral health and its relationship with the general health in its different levels (physical, psychological, social and environmental).ResultsThe review shows that oral health is critical, as the teeth and mouth are not only an integral part of the body, but also, they also support and enable essential human functions. That is, oral health has a multidimensional nature, as it includes the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains that are essential for overall health and well-being. Likewise, the mouth is the psychological seat of the first physiological needs and emotional gratifications, with it we take a taste of the world around us. Thus, the mouth plays an important role in the feeling of unity and in the constitution of the self. Based on these results we propose an integrative model in which the mouth is the first step for well-being and from this integrative model we build a multidisciplinary approach which could be used in the clinical practice for the promotion of oral care and general health.ConclusionThe effort on the part of oral health professionals is essential for people's well-being and must be integrated as part of health promotion. Dental treatments alone cannot solve this problem, it requires a comprehensive and approach in which the bio-psychological, behavioral, and socio-environmental determinants are included to face this global oral health challenge. That is, without a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to medical science that includes dental and oral health, our public policies cannot provide the best answers to health promotion, disease prevention, early detection, and treatment.

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Diseases of the oral cavity in light of the newest epigenetic research: Possible implications for stomatology

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Explaining Relationship of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Explaining Relationship of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Epigenetic and inflammatory events in experimental periodontitis following systemic microbial challenge

Your health is in your mouth: A comprehensive view to promote general wellness

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