Diseases of the oral mucosa and dental tissues as a manifestation of celiac disease

Abstract

Celiac disease, or gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune response when taking gluten. Celiac disease is a multifactorial disorder that results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The review examines the etiology and pathogenesis of celiac disease from the view of the oral mucosal lesions. Based on the data of medical literature sources, the analysis of the incidence, severity and structure of oral cavity changes in celiac disease was conducted. It has been shown that tooth enamel defects and recurrent aphthous stomatitis may be the only manifestation of celiac disease The most common oral cavity disorders in celiac disease are recurrent aphthous stomatitis, teething retention, tooth enamel defects, in particular hypoplasia. Angular cheilitis and atrophic glossitis are considered the very rare. The caries prevalence in patients diagnosed with celiac disease either does not differ from the prevalence in healthy patients, or the caries prevalence indices are significantly lower in patients with celiac disease than in the control group. Oral lesions in celiac disease can cause significant functional and aesthetic disorders, as well as worsen the patient’s life quality. KEYWORDS: celiac disease, gluten enteropathy, oral mucosa, caries, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, teething retention, cheilitis, atrophic glossitis FOR CITATION: Mazurov V.I., Gaydukova I.Z., Inamova O.V. et al. Diseases of the oral mucosa and dental tissues as a manifestation of celiac disease. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(8):451–457 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-8-451-457.