Diseases Severity, Genetic Variation, and Pathogenicity of Ceratocystis Wilt on Lansium domesticum in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

Ceratocystis wilt disease has caused significant mortality in duku (Lansium domesticum) since 2014 and has now spread to all districts in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Recently, 16 isolates from duku representing populations from various districts in South Sumatra were isolated. Analysis for the morphological characteristic of the isolate showed that the population has a uniform morphology. Genetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences verified that the population has being dominated by the ITS5 haplotype of Ceratocystis fimbriata and a new ITS group, the ITS7b haplotype that was localized in Musi Banyuasin. Both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to duku. Inoculation tests on various forest and agroforestry plant hosts showed that both haplotypes were highly pathogenic to Acacia mangium, moderately pathogenic to Acacia carsicarpa, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Melaleuca cajuputi, but weakly pathogenic to Dyera costulata, Hevea brasiliensis, and Alstonia scholaris. Therefore, this pathogen becomes a serious threat to Indonesia’s biodiversity due to its ability to infect forest and agroforestry plants, especially the indigenous ones.

Ceratocystis fimbriata causing canker and wilt disease on West Indian mahogany trees in Indonesia

“…All morphological characteristics of the isolates in this study matched the descriptions of Ceratocystis mbriata previously isolated from jackfruit trees (Pratama et al 2021b)d domesticum (Muslim et al 2022). No signi cant differences in structural dimensions for ascomata, ascospores, and chlamydospores were observed among the isolates, all falling within the typical range of C. mbriata.…”

“…This pathogen is a very serious threat to various crops in South Sumatra, including jackfruit (Pratama et al 2021b) and Lansium domesticum plantations (Suwandi et al 2021), which are vital for the region's economy. It has spread widely across all districts in South Sumatra, with a mortality rate of up to 100% (Muslim et al 2022). This study aims to identify the pathogen responsible for wilting and death in mahogany plants by examining its morphological characteristics and conducting molecular tests on ITS regions (ITS 1, 4) and the β-tubulin gene.…”

First report of Ceratocystis fimbriata causing wilt disease of soursop in South Sumatra, Indonesia

“…C. fimbriata has been previously reported for infecting A. mangium plants in Riau (Tarigan et al 2011) and Malaysia plantations (Syazwan et al 2021). Meanwhile, in Indonesia (South Sumatra), it has been associated with wilt disease outbreak in A.s heterophyllus (Pratama et al 2021a), M. elengi (Pratama et al 2021b), and L. domesticum (Suwandi et al 2021;Muslim et al 2022). C. fimbriata is well known for the severe damage caused to various plant families and has a wide host range, such as Myrtaceae represented by Eucalyptus (Li et al 2014); Actinidiaceae represented by Actinidia spp.…”

“…C. fimbriata is well known for the severe damage caused to various plant families and has a wide host range, such as Myrtaceae represented by Eucalyptus (Li et al 2014); Actinidiaceae represented by Actinidia spp. (Piveta et al 2016); Araceae represented by C. esculenta (Oliveira et al 2017); Meliaceae represented by L. domesticum (Suwandi et al 2021;Muslim et al 2022); Moraceae represented by A. heterophyllus. This is the first report of wilt disease caused by C. fimbriata on soursop plants (A. muricata) of Annonaceae family in Indonesia.…”

“…(Pratama et al 2021a), bullet wood (Mimosops elengi L.) (Pratama et al 2021b). Ceratocystis causing lethal wilt disease, has also spread widely across various districts as centers of South Sumatra duku (Lansium domesticum Corrêa) plantations as in Ogan Komering Ilir, Muara Enim, Musi Rawas, North Musi Rawas, Ogan Komering Ulu, and Musi Banyuasin with varying levels of incidences (Suwandi et al 2021;Muslim et al 2022). As this disease has the potential to disrupt plant production (Nasution et al 2019), its impact on soursop plants could have significant economic implications.…”