Diseases shared between wildlife and livestock: a European perspective

Background: Wild ungulates have greatly increased in abundance and range throughout Europe. This new situation presents a concern for public health because many wild ungulates are known reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Objectives: In this work, we tested for the presence of the zoonotic pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 in free-ranging livestock and sympatric wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) in NE Spain from 2009 to 2011. In addition, antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors were assessed. Animals and methods: In total, individual fecal samples were obtained from 117 hunter-harvested wild boars and 160 Iberian ibexes. Fifty-five samples were obtained from cattle (5 herds, 380 animals in total) and four from the only horse herd in the Natural Park 'Ports de Tortosa i Beseit' (32 animals). Fecal samples were processed according to the ISO 16.654:2001 protocol to obtain E. coli O157 based on immunomagnetic separation. In addition, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting nine virulence factors characteristic of human pathotypes was performed. The prevalence was compared between host species with Fisher's exact test. Results: Four wild boars (3.41%, 95% CI D 0.94À8.52) and two Iberian ibexes (1.25%, 95% CI D 0.15À4.4) carried E. coli O157:H7, which was not found in livestock feces (n D 59, 95% CI D 0À8.94). All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. Conclusions: These results indicate that when prevalence in co-habiting livestock is low, wild ungulates do not seem to play an important role as reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7.

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“…In addition, wild ungulates have been recognized as reservoirs of food-and vector-borne pathogens (Gortazar et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coliO157:H7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) sharing pastures with free-ranging livestock in a natural environment in Spain

Navarro-González

Porrero

Mentaberre

et al. 2015

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…Por ello, y dada la escasez de depredadores naturales que puedan regular el tamaño de sus poblaciones, la gestión cinegética y las enfermedades son las únicas fuerzas reguladoras posibles (Pérez et al 1997). En raras ocasiones se puede tolerar que las enfermedades regulen el tamaño de las poblaciones silvestres debido a su posible repercusión en la cabaña ganadera e incluso en la salud pública (Gortázar et al 2007). Por ello, unos planes cinegéticos sólidos en los que para establecer los cupos prime el estatus del ecosistema y no úni-camente el interés económico a corto plazo son la alternativa más efectiva para regular estas poblaciones.…”

Section: Implicaciones Para La Gestiónunclassified

Efectos de los cambios en los usos del suelo en las especies cinegéticas en el sur de España: repercusiones para la gestión

Acevedo¹,

Delibes‐Mateos²

2013

ECOS

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“…In recent years, wildlife populations are increasingly managed through feeding, translocations, and even fencing, thus becoming more and more similar to extensively raised livestock with limited sanitary care. 6 In parallel, there has been a development of deer farms in Spain, mainly for hunting purposes. Mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis and paratuberculosis are recognized as a major problem for deer farming around the world and have usually been described as being due to M. bovis and Mycobacterium avium subsp.…”

Section: <!?Show "Fnote_aff1"$^!"content-markup(/author-grp[1]/aff|/author-grp[1]/dept-list)>mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Three Immunological Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Avian Tuberculosis in Naturally Infected Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Cases of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in 52 adult red deer (Cervus elaphus) from a farm were studied using different diagnostic techniques. Immunological probes consisted of the comparative cervical tuberculin (CCT) skin test, the interferon-c (IFN-c) assay, and 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) employing either avian purified protein derivatives or protoplasmatic antigen (PPA-3) as antigens. Three of the animals were euthanized due to severe weakness, loss of weight, and emaciation. Macroscopically, the 3 animals showed tuberculous lesions located mainly in lymph nodes of the digestive system and small intestine but also in other organs and lymph nodes. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out on samples from the 3 deer using primers to detect IS901, IS900, and IS6110, specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, including Mycobacterium bovis, respectively. The last 2 agents cause pathologies very similar to avian tuberculosis in deer. The 3 deer were strongly positive by both ELISAs, slightly positive by the IFN-c test, and 1 of 2 was positive by the CCT test. As with domestic ruminants, ELISA could detect deer in an advanced stage of infection, with large numbers of mycobacteria.

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Diseases shared between wildlife and livestock: a European perspective

Cited by 389 publications

References 100 publications

Escherichia coliO157:H7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) sharing pastures with free-ranging livestock in a natural environment in Spain

Escherichia coliO157:H7 in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) sharing pastures with free-ranging livestock in a natural environment in Spain

Efectos de los cambios en los usos del suelo en las especies cinegéticas en el sur de España: repercusiones para la gestión

Comparison of Three Immunological Diagnostic Tests for the Detection of Avian Tuberculosis in Naturally Infected Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus)

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