Diseño y validación de un instrumento observacional para la valoración de acciones tácticas ofensivas en fútbol - vatof (Design and validation of an observational instrument for the evaluation of offensive tactical actions in football - vatof)

Abstract

Los indicadores de desempeño cada vez ganan más importancia dentro de la toma de decisiones informada en deportes de competición, que permitan sintetizar e interpretar las interacciones de juego en el fútbol. El objetivo de este estudio es diseñar, validar y probar confiabilidad de un instrumento de observación dentro de la dinámica del juego, permitiendo comprender el comportamiento, categorización y registro de las acciones tácticas en fútbol. Asimismo, y de acuerdo con la finalidad del instrumento, se enfoca la mirada en la dimensión de rendimiento, pues concretamente, ésta es la que resume el éxito de la acción táctica ofensiva, manteniendo su interrelación con las otras dimensiones, pues en conjunto configuran el cómo, cuándo y dónde se ejecutan las jugadas. La validez del contenido fue establecida por 10 jueces con criterios de escogencia: (a) ser doctor en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte, (b) 5 años de experiencia, (c) tener licencia de entrenador y haberlo sido durante mínimo 3 años, dando como unidades de análisis finalizadas 7 dimensiones y 40 criterios. Se utilizó la metodología DELPHI de juicio de expertos. El índice V de Aiken fue de 0.93 para determinar la pertinencia del contenido, la índice kappa fue de 1.00 análisis intraobservador para probar la confiabilidad de la herramienta de observación. Estos procedimientos indican que la herramienta contiene información válida y confiable para ser replicada en otros estudios y analizar las acciones de juego a la ofensiva en el fútbol. Summary. Performance indicators are becoming more and more important in informed decision making in competitive sports, as they allow to synthesize and interpret game interactions in football. The objective of this study is to design, validate, and test the reliability of an observation instrument within the dynamics of the game, allowing to understand behaviors, categorization, and recording of tactical actions in football. Likewise, and according to the purpose of the instrument, attention is turned towards the performance dimension, since that is the factor concretely establishing the success of any offensive tactical action, maintaining its interrelation with the other dimensions, since they as a whole configure how, when, and where plays are executed. Content validity was established by 10 judges selected on the basis of the following criteria: (a) to be doctor in Sciences of the Physical Activity and Sport, (b) 5 years of experience, (c) to hold a trainer license for at least 3 years; resulting in 7 dimensions and 40 criteria by the end of the analysis. The experts' evaluation DELPHI methodology was used. Aiken V index, determining the relevance of the content, was 0.93; intra-observer analysis' kappa index, which tested the reliability of the observation tool, was at 1.00. These procedures indicate that the tool contains valid and reliable information to be replicated in other studies and to analyze the actions of offensive plays in football.

Validation of a Football Competence Observation System (FOCOS), Linked to Procedural Tactical Knowledge

“…The instrument design, the validity and reliability processes were carried out in six stages (see Figure 1) following the procedures used in other recent observational tools [22,45,46]: (a) bibliographic review and provisional design of the tool observation system, (b) consultation with experts, reconfiguration of the tool observation system and choice of reference formats for the game protocol, (c) content validation of the coding instrument, (d) simplification of the coding instrument and validation of this process, (e) development of intra-observer and inter-observer reliability processes in addition to generalizability analysis and (f) calculation of construct validity. Finally, the quality of this process was assessed using the methodological quality checklist for studies based on observational methodology (MQCOM) [47].…”

The Effects of Football Training on Improving Aerobic Skills, Technique, and Anthropometry in Goalkeepers

“…While all players have the potential to act as a goalkeeper during a match, specific conditions are required (FIFA, 2022). The abilities of a goalkeeper differ significantly from those of other players on the team, as they also play a crucial role in organizing both slow attacks from behind and fast counterattacks (Parada & Vargas, 2020). The ability to concentrate, perceive the target of the kick and anticipate a player's kicking style are essential for a goalkeeper to effectively defend the goal (Wood & Wilson, 2010).…”

Analysis of Game Actions and Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Study Using Sequential Analysis

“…Currently, research that highlights the importance of a rigorous and detailed analysis of the game in soccer, focused on the context, spontaneity of behavior and development of valid and reliable observation instruments to explain the effectiveness of player behavior has been multiplied [9,10]. The observational methodology is ideal for the study of the development of the game in soccer, whose objective is to analyze the actions in their context and habitual dynamics [11].…”