Disentangling change across the time and true stability of employees’ resilience using latent state model

Abstract

There is debate within the literature about whether resilience should be considered a stable character trait or a dynamic, changeable process (state). Two widely used measures to assess resilience are the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the true stability (invariance) and change across time in resilience captured by these two measures. Using the perspective of Latent State-Trait theory, the aim was to decipher if the CD-RISC and the RSA are more trait-like or more state-like and to address whether true differences in resilience between participants increased (or decreased) across time. In this longitudinal study, UK-based employees (N = 378) completed the CD-RISC (10-item version) and the RSA (33-item version, aggregated and analyzed under six parcels) at three occasions over six months. A latent-state model and latent-state model with indicator specific residual factors were utilized. The analysis suggested that both questionnaires capture trait and state components of resilience. These results contribute to the discussion about how resilience scales are measuring change and stability, and how we define resilience as a more trait-like or state-like phenomena. The findings also highlight the issue of what resilience scales are measuring and whether resilience is a quantifiable construct.

Neighborhood Resources Associated With Psychological Trajectories and Neural Reactivity to Reward After Trauma

“…Finally, CD-RISC may be capturing other constructs such as positive emotionality (disposition to experience positive emotions), and conflating both traitlike characteristics and dynamic changes in self-reported resilience. Bonanno suggested that single assessments of self-reported resilience such as the CD-RISC often fail to predict PTSD outcomes because they do not capture resilience as a flexible process that is sensitive to context and temporal dynamics. Indeed, an individual’s perception of their ability to cope may be influenced by their PTSD symptoms as well as other factors (eg, emotion regulation strategy preference) not measured in this study.…”

NEPTUNE. On the seven seas of resilience

“…While there are a myriad of definitions for psychological resilience, most include the individual’s ability to recover and bounce back from adverse life events [ 12 ]. There is an ongoing debate on whether resilience constitutes a stable trait of personality or a dynamic process that varies, depending on the given context [ 12 , 13 ]. Here, we rely on the conception that resilience is – at least partially – a dynamic process that can be influenced by promoting protective factors.…”